A = {set of primary colors}

CARDINALITY-
Refers to the
number of
elements in a B = {school days in a week)
given set. It is
denoted by the
symbol n. What if there is no elements in a
"Cardinality of given set? What will be its
set A" is written cardinality?
as n(A).
A = {set of days in a week start
with A}. Find the number of
each set.
A = {2, 4, 6, 8}
2. B = {letters in the English
alphabet}
3. C = {even prime number}
4. D = {x|x is a counting number
less than 8}
5. E = {odd counting number less
than 12}
6. F = {prime number less than 30}
7. G = {x|x is a whole number less
than 10}
EXPERIMEN SAMPLE EVENT A n(S) n(E) P€
T SPACE

Tossing a Getting head

coin

Rolling a die Getting an

odd

Selecting a Getting face

card from a card
deck of cards

Choosing a Getting a
letter from vowel
the English
alphabet
TREE DIAGRAM- is a device used
to list all possibilities of a
sequene of events in a
systematic way.
EXAMPLE1: A coin tossed twice. Draw a
tree diagram to illustrate the possible
outcomes.
Example 2. Suppose that a family
has three children. Using diagram,
we can find all the possible
outcomes for the genders of the
children.
Example 4. A coin is tossed thrice. Draw a tree
diagram to illustrate the possible outcomes.
Counting Techniques
• If an operation can be performed in ways, and if for
each of these ways a second operation can be
performed in ways, then the two operations can be
performed together in ways.
• EXAMPLES:
• 1. How many sample points are there in the sample
space when a pair of dice is thrown once?

• 2. How many ways can you answer a True or False exam

with 10 items?
• 1. Sarah Geronimo is a popular concert artist. Suppose she is
planning a concert tour in three cities - Manila, Cebu, and Davao.
In how many ways can she arrange her tour schedule?

• 2. Tossing a coin thrice.

• 3. A bus has 6 vacant seats in the last row. If 2 additional

passengers enter the bus, in how many ways can they be seated?

• 4. A clown has 4 different colors of balloons. If 2 children will

receive on balloon each from clown, in how many ways can this
be done?
How many 4 digit numbers can be made from
1,2,4,5,9 if
(i) repetition is allowed

(ii) repetition is not allowed

(iii) the number is odd and repetition is allowed

(iv) the number is odd and repetition is not
allowed
(v) the number is even and repetition is allowed
(vi) the number is even and repetition is not
allowed
n EXPANDED FORM n!
0!
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!
6!
7!
8!
9!
EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING
EXPRESSIONS:
1. 5! +2!

2. 8!-5!

3. 4! 2!
EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING
EXPRESSIONS:
 1. Five persons are to
be seated in a 10-
seater AUV. In how
many ways can they
Solve the be seated?
following
problems: 2. Ten hospitals are in
need of nurses. If
there are four
qualified applicants,
how many ways can
they be assigned?
Solve the 3. In how many ways
4. A pianist plans to play
following different ways can a
president, vice president,
eight pieces at a recital.
In how many ways can he
problems:
a secretary and a
arrange these pieces in
treasurer be chosen from
the program
a class of 15 students.
Example 1. Find the numbers of
different ways of placing 15 balls in a
row given that 5 are red, 4 are green,
3 are yellow, 2 are blue and one black.
Example 2. How many ways can we
arrange the letters in the word
COMMITTEE?
Example 3. Find
the number of
911
different
arrangements of
the following
sets.
487747

AABCCCD
Example 4.
Solve the
following
problems

In how many
ways can two
blue marbles
and four red
marbles be
arranged in a
row?
How many ways
can 10 different
colored toy
horses be
arranged in a
merry-go-
round?
In how many
ways can 9
people be
seated at a
round table?
 A spinner be
divided 15 equal
parts, how many
ways can you
arrange 5 colors
in it?
 In how many ways
may the vertices of
a regular heptagon
be named with the
letters A, B, C, D, E,
F & G?
Snow white arranges the
seven dwarfs around a
many - pole?
a. How many ways can
she arrange them?
b. In how many ways
can she do Doc & Sleepy
are to be together?
In how many ways can ten keys be arranged on a
key ring?
In how many ways can eight different colored beads be arranged on a bracelet?
 PERMUTATION
PROBLEM SOLVING
 Example 1. Find
the numbers of
different ways of
placing 15 balls
in a row given
that 5 are red, 4
are green, 3 are
yellow, 2 are blue
and one black.
 Example 2.
How many
ways can we
arrange the
letters in the
word
COMMITTEE?
 Example 3.
Find the
number of
different
arrangements
of the
following sets.
• Example 4. Solve the following problems

• In how many ways can two blue marbles and four red marbles be arranged in a row?

• Faith bought four vanilla ice-cream cones, three chocolates cones, two strawberry
cones and 5 ube-langka cones for her 14 tutors. In how many ways can she distribute
the cones among her tutors?
• Example 5. Solve the following problems

• How many ways can 10 different colored toy horses be

arranged in a merry-go-round?

• In how many ways can 9 people be seated at a round

table?
• Example 6. Solve the following problems

• A spinner be divided 15 equal parts, how many ways can you

arrange 5 colors in it?

• In how many ways may the vertices of a regular heptagon be

named with the letters A, B, C, D, E, F & G?
• Example 7. Solve the following
problems

• Snow white arranges the seven dwarfs around a many

- pole?
a. How many ways can she arrange them?
b. In how many ways can she do Doc & Sleepy are to be
together?
Example 8. Solve the following
problems

• In how many ways can ten keys be arranged on a key

ring?
• In how many ways can eight different colored beads
be arranged on a bracket?
COMBINATIO
N
MORE EXAMPLES
• 1. How many committees of 4 persons can be chosen from a group of 10 persons?

• 2. In how many ways can a committee of 5 persons be chosen from 7 single ladies
and 9 men?

• a. if there is no restriction on the gender.

• b. if there must be 3 single ladies and 2 men.

• c. if all are single ladies

MORE EXAMPLES
A cartoon of 20 compact disks contains 5 pirated and
15 original disks. In how many ways can an inspector
choose 3 of the compact disks and

a) get the one that is pirated?

b) get two of the pirated disks?
c) none of the pirated disks?
MORE EXAMPLES
1. In how many ways can 3 students be chosen from a
class of 20 for a field trip?

2. What if Michael is not allowed to go on the field trip?

3. If Derick must answer any 5 questions on a Math test

containing 10 questions, in how many ways can he
choose the 5 questions?
MORE EXAMPLES

4. In how many ways can 3 students be chosen from a

class of 20 for a field trip?

5. How many committees of 6 can be formed from 10

freshmen and 5 sophomores if each committee is to
consist of 4 freshmen and 2 sophomores?
WORD PROBLEM

• Problem 1. Alex would like to invite 9 friends to go on a trip

but has room for 6 of them. In how many ways can they be
chosen?

• Problem 2. In a round table, how many ways can 8 different

colored chairs be arranged?
WORD PROBLEM

• Problem 3. Find the numbers of different ways of placing 8

marbles in a row given that 3 are red, 2 are green, 2 yellow,
and 1 is black.

• Problem 4. How many ways can 4 officers in Grade 10 -

Quesnay class be elected among 45 students?
WORD PROBLEM

• Problem 5. From the Grade 10 - Love, 8 boys and 4 girls

decided to visit their favorite Peryahan to experience its
number one attraction, the Merry-Go- Round with 12 horses.
How many ways can students be seated if:

• a. no restrictions are imposed

• b. all the boys must sit together, and all the girls must sit
together as well