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Problem Solving and Creativity

This presentation discusses problem-solving and creativity, highlighting their processes, barriers, and various strategies. It introduces the IDEAL model for structured problem-solving and emphasizes the importance of transfer of learning in educational contexts. Additionally, it explores the creative process and the role of creativity in generating innovative solutions.

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xbreynamion
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0 views10 pages

Problem Solving and Creativity

This presentation discusses problem-solving and creativity, highlighting their processes, barriers, and various strategies. It introduces the IDEAL model for structured problem-solving and emphasizes the importance of transfer of learning in educational contexts. Additionally, it explores the creative process and the role of creativity in generating innovative solutions.

Uploaded by

xbreynamion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Solving and

Creativity
This presentation explores the concepts of problem-solving and
creativity, detailing their processes and the barriers that can hinder
them. We will examine various problem-solving strategies, the role of
transfer of learning, and practical classroom applications of related
theories. Understanding these elements is crucial for fostering
innovation and effective problem resolution in both academic and
professional settings.

by Rey Namion
Understanding Problem Solving
Defining a Problem Key Elements

A problem arises when there's a gap between the current • Cognitive process
state and the desired state, with an obstacle hindering the • Directed towards a goal
path. Problem-solving involves cognitive processing to
• Dependent on existing knowledge
achieve a goal when the solution isn't immediately
• Involves mental computations
apparent.
Types of Problems: Well-Defined vs. Ill-Defin
Well-Defined Problems Ill-Defined Problems

These problems provide all necessary information for a These problems lack a clear goal state and may have
solution, often requiring specific concepts or rules. There is multiple correct answers, depending on the context.
usually one correct answer. Solutions are multifaceted and vary based on
circumstances.
Approaches to Problem
Solving
Behaviorist Approach
Reproducing a previously successful behavior to solve a current
problem.

Gestaltist Approach
A productive process involving insight and restructuring of the
problem representation, leading to a "Eureka moment."
The IDEAL Model of Problem Solving
Identify
Recognize the problem and potential opportunities.

Define
Clearly define goals in the problem situation.

Explore
Find possible strategies to solve the problem.

Act
Anticipate outcomes and implement the chosen strategy.

Look Back
Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution and learn from the experience.

The IDEAL model provides a structured approach to problem-solving, emphasizing the importance of identifying the problem, defining goals,
exploring strategies, acting on a plan, and reflecting on the outcome.
Strategies: Heuristics and Algorithms
Heuristics Algorithms

Mental shortcuts or "rules of thumb" that are efficient but A series of steps to solve a problem, ensuring a correct
not always guaranteed to be successful. Examples include solution if followed correctly. Computer programming and
trial and error, hill climbing, and means-ends analysis. mathematical operations are classic examples.
Barriers to Effective
Problem Solving
Mental Set Functional Fixedness
Fixation on a previously Failure to recognize that
successful strategy that is no objects can have uses beyond
longer applicable. their traditional purposes.

Irrelevant Information
Inability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information,
leading to incorrect solutions.
Creativity in Problem Solving

Fluency Flexibility
Ability to produce a great number of Ability to propose a variety of
1 2
ideas or solutions. approaches.

Elaboration Originality
Ability to systematize and organize 4 3 Ability to produce new, original
details. ideas.

Creativity involves aptitude, process, and environment, leading to novel and useful products. It requires openness, flexibility,
and motivation.
Stages of the Creative Process
Preparation
Illumination
Becoming passionate about an idea and
gathering information. A sudden idea pops out.

1 2 3 4

Incubation Verification
Unconsciously working on the idea. Working with the idea into a testable form.
Transfer of Learning
Near vs. Far Transfer Positive vs.
Applying knowledge in
Negative Transfer
similar vs. different Prior knowledge aiding vs.
contexts. obstructing new learning.

Vertical vs. Lateral Transfer


Using lower-level learning for higher-level tasks vs. solving related
problems.

Transfer of learning involves carrying over past experiences to solve new


problems. Teachers can promote transfer by connecting learning to real-
world applications and keeping families informed.

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