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Optimal Binary Search Tree

An Optimal Binary Search Tree (OBST) minimizes the expected search cost by arranging keys based on their access frequencies, improving search efficiency. The construction of an OBST typically employs dynamic programming to evaluate all possible tree configurations for optimal performance. OBSTs are particularly beneficial in applications like databases and file systems where efficient data retrieval is essential.

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5 views

Optimal Binary Search Tree

An Optimal Binary Search Tree (OBST) minimizes the expected search cost by arranging keys based on their access frequencies, improving search efficiency. The construction of an OBST typically employs dynamic programming to evaluate all possible tree configurations for optimal performance. OBSTs are particularly beneficial in applications like databases and file systems where efficient data retrieval is essential.

Uploaded by

VIGNESH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Optimal Binary Search Tree

Introduction to Optimal Binary Search Trees

• An optimal binary search tree (OBST) is a binary search tree that


minimizes the expected search cost.

• It is particularly useful when the frequencies of access to different keys are


known.

• The OBST aims to reduce the average number of comparisons needed to


find an element in the tree.
Characteristics of Binary Search Trees

• A binary search tree is a data structure that maintains sorted order, allowing
for efficient searching.

• Each node has at most two children, with the left child containing values
less than the node and the right child containing values greater.

• The height of the tree affects its performance, where lower heights lead to
faster search times.
Importance of Optimality

• An OBST minimizes the average search time based on the frequency of


key access.

• This is crucial for applications where certain keys are accessed more
frequently than others.

• By optimizing the tree structure, overall system performance can be


significantly improved.
Dynamic Programming Approach

• The construction of an OBST typically utilizes dynamic programming


techniques.

• The process involves calculating the costs of subtrees and combining them
to find the optimal structure.

• This approach ensures that all possible trees are evaluated for optimal
configurations efficiently.
Cost Calculation

• The cost of a binary search tree is defined as the sum of the products of
access frequencies and their respective depths.

• The goal is to minimize the total cost by choosing the best root at each
subtree level.

• By iterating through possible roots and calculating costs, the algorithm


determines the optimal arrangement.
Example of an Optimal Binary Search Tree

• Consider a set of keys with known access frequencies, such as {A, B, C}


with frequencies {0.2, 0.5, 0.3}.

• The OBST will arrange these keys such that the most frequently accessed
key is closer to the root.

• For this example, the optimal tree structure may place B at the root,
minimizing the overall search cost.
Applications and Conclusion

• OBSTs are widely used in databases and file systems where efficient
searches are critical.

• They can also be applied in situations involving retrieval of ordered data,


like dictionaries or sorted lists.

• Understanding and implementing OBSTs can lead to significantly


enhanced performance in data retrieval tasks.

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