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Continuity

The document discusses the concept of continuity in functions, outlining the criteria for a function to be continuous and the types of discontinuities that can occur. It explains that continuous functions have no breaks, holes, or jumps, and provides examples of polynomial, rational, and piecewise functions. Additionally, it categorizes discontinuities as removable or non-removable and includes methods for identifying intervals of continuity and discontinuity.

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Trixie Joy Bernales
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14 views35 pages

Continuity

The document discusses the concept of continuity in functions, outlining the criteria for a function to be continuous and the types of discontinuities that can occur. It explains that continuous functions have no breaks, holes, or jumps, and provides examples of polynomial, rational, and piecewise functions. Additionally, it categorizes discontinuities as removable or non-removable and includes methods for identifying intervals of continuity and discontinuity.

Uploaded by

Trixie Joy Bernales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Continuity

Objectives

 Tofind the intervals on which a function is


continuous.
 To find any discontinuities of a function.
 Todetermine whether discontinuities are removable
or non-removable.
What makes a function continuous?
 Continuous functions are predictable…

1) No breaks in the graph


A limit must exist at every x-value or the graph will
break.

2) No holes or jumps
The function cannot have undefined points or vertical
asymptotes.
Continuity

Key Point:
Continuous functions
can be drawn with a
single, unbroken
pencil stroke.
Continuity
 Mathematically speaking…
If f (x) is continuous, then for every x = c in the
function,
lim f ( x)  f (c)
x c
 In
other words, if you can evaluate any limit on
the function using only the substitution
method, then the function is continuous.
Continuity of Polynomial and
Rational Functions
 A polynomial function is continuous
at every real number.

 A rational function is continuous at


every real number in its domain.
Polynomial Functions
3
f ( x ) x  x 2
f ( x) x  2 x  3

Both functions are continuous on(  , ).


Rational Functions

1
f ( x) 
x
continuous on:

( , 0)  (0, )
Rational Functions
2
x 1
f ( x) 
x 1

continuous on:
( , 1)  (1, )
Rational Functions
1
f ( x)  2
x 1
continuous on:

( , )
Rational Functions
1
f ( x)  2
x 1
continuous on:
( ,  1)  ( 1, 1)  (1, )
Piecewise Functions
 x  4, x  2
2
f ( x) 
 x  2, x 2
2  4 4  4 0
2


 2  2 0
continuous on
( , )
Discontinuity

Discontinuity:
a point at
which a
function is not
continuous
Discontinuity
 Two Types of Discontinuities
1) Removable (hole in the graph)
2) Non-removable (break or vertical
asymptote)

 A discontinuity is called removable if a function


can be made continuous by defining (or
redefining) a point.
Two Types of Discontinuities
Discontinuity
 Findthe intervals on which these function are
continuous.
Point of discontinuity:
x2
f ( x)  2 x  2 0 Removable
x  3 x  10 x  2 discontinuity

x2
 Vertical Asymptote:
( x  2)( x  5)
x  5 0 Non-removable
1 x 5 discontinuity

( x  5)
Discontinuity
x2
f ( x)  2
x  3 x  10
Continuous on:

( ,  2)  ( 2, 5)  (5, )
Discontinuity
 2 x, x 2
f ( x)  2
 x  4 x  1, x  2
lim ( 2 x)  4
x 2
2
lim ( x  4 x  1)  3
x 2

f (2)  4 Continuous on:


( , 2]  (2, )
Discontinuity
 Determine the value(s) of x at which the function is
discontinuous. Describe the discontinuity as
removable or non-removable.
2
x 1 2
x  10 x  9
f ( x)  2
(A) (B
)
f ( x) 
x  5x  6 2
x  81
2
x  4x  5 2
x 4
(C)
f ( x)  2 (D)
f ( x)  2
x  25 x  2x  8
Discontinuity
2
x 1
(A) f ( x)  2
x  5x  6
( x  1)( x  1)

( x  6)( x  1)

x  1 Removable discontinuity

x 6 Non-removable discontinuity
Discontinuity
2
x  10 x  9
(B) f ( x) 
x 2  81
( x  9)( x  1)

( x  9)( x  9)

x  9 Removable discontinuity

x 9 Non-removable discontinuity
Discontinuity
2
x  4x  5
(C) f ( x)  2
x  25
( x  5)( x  1)

( x  5)( x  5)

x 5 Removable discontinuity

x  5 Non-removable discontinuity
Discontinuity

x2  4
(D)
f ( x)  2
x  2x  8
( x  2)( x  2)

( x  4)( x  2)

x  2 Removable discontinuity

x 4 Non-removable discontinuity
Conclusion

Continuous functions have no breaks, no


holes, and no jumps.

Ifyou can evaluate any limit on the


function using only the substitution
method, then the function is continuous.
Conclusion

A discontinuity is a point at which a


function is not continuous.
Two types of discontinuities
Removable (hole in the graph)
Non-removable (break or vertical
asymptote)
The graph of f(x) is given below. Based on this
graph determine where the function is
discontinuous and its interval.
Determine if the given function is continuous
or discontinuous at the indicated points.
Determine if the given function is continuous
or discontinuous at the indicated points.
The graph of f(x) is given below. Based on this
graph determine where the function is
discontinuous and its interval.
The graph of f(x) is given below. Based on this
graph determine where the function is
discontinuous and its interval.
The graph of f(x) is given below. Based on this
graph determine where the function is
discontinuous and its interval.
The graph of f(x) is given below. Based on this
graph determine where the function is
discontinuous and its interval.
Determine if the given function is continuous
or discontinuous at the indicated points.
Determine if the given function is continuous
or discontinuous at the indicated points.

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