Unit-1

Introduction
to

Software
Engineering
Table of Content

• Why software Engineering Required

• Evolution of S/w Engineering

• Software

• Introduction to S/w Engineering

• Impact of S/w Engineering

• Activity

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3
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
1. Planning: Define the project scope, objectives, and feasibility. This stage involves requirements
gathering and high-level scheduling.
2. Analyzing: Break down requirements to understand user needs and system constraints. This
includes creating functional and non-functional requirements.
3. Design
4. Programming (Implementation
5. Validation and Verification:
1. Validation: Ensure the product meets user requirements (e.g., through user acceptance testing).
2. Verification: Confirm that the product is built correctly according to the design and requirements (e.g.,
through reviews and inspections).
6. High-Level Testing:
1. Includes system testing and integration testing to ensure all modules work together as expected.
7. Beta Testing: Release the software to a limited audience (real users) for feedback and
uncovering issues not detected during internal testing.
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• Non-Branded:
Approach Build and Deliver

• Branded:
Follows the Engineering Approach(initial step to last step)
Idea  Maintenance Regular Updation 5
Why is Software Engineering required?

Software Engineering is required due to the

following reasons:

•To manage Large software

•For more Scalability
•Cost Management
•To manage the dynamic nature of software
•For better quality Management

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 What is software?
 Computer programs and associated documentation

 Software products may be developed for a particular customer or

may be developed for a general market.
 Software products may be
1. Generic - 2. Bespoke - developed
developed to be for a single customer
sold to a range of according to their
different specification
customers
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 Software Engineering

The software is a collection of

integrated programs.

Engineering is the application

of scientific and practical knowledge
to invent, design, build, maintain,
and improve frameworks, processes, etc.

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 Definition

• Software engineering is the branch of computer science that

deals with the design, development, testing, and maintenance of
software applications.

• Stephen Schach defined the same as “A discipline whose aim is the

production of quality software, software that is delivered on time, within budget,
and that satisfies its requirements”.

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IEEE Definition of Software Engineering
The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to
software development, operation, and maintenance; that is, the
application of engineering to software.

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 Evolution and Impact of
software Engineering
 The term software engineering originated between 1945-1965.
• Origin will only happen when software development will start.
• In the starting there were many famous NATO conferences where actually software engineering was named.

 Crisis: 1965-1985 (e.g. OS/360 multi millionaire failure project, Torus Project)
• Why Failure? Because they had not prepared any design earlier.
• Budget over run.

 1990-2000: The time of Internet came.

• And during this time the most famous s/w is system software(Microsoft Windows)

 2000-2010: Light Weight platform

• Software can run properly on mobile

Earlier Proprietary S/w  Free S/w

 2010-Current Time: Time is of AI,ML,DL 11
Software Evolution
The continuous process by which software systems undergo changes
and adaptations over time.

To accommodate new requirements, fix defects, improve performance, and

Purpose: respond to technological shifts.

Ensures software longevity, relevance, and efficiency in a dynamic

Importance: environment.

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What is Software Evolution?

Definition:
• Refers to software development process
• Includes timely software updates
Reasons for Updates:
• Adding new features
• Removing obsolete functionalities
Process:
• Uses software engineering principles
• Adheres to proven software methods

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 Contd.

Step-by-Step Process of Software Evolution

• Software Engineering as an Art

Relied on individual creativity and intuition

• Software Engineering Transition from Art to Craft

Added repeatable processes and basic guidelines

• Software Engineering transition from craft to an Engineering Discipline

Adopted scientific principles and systematic methods

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Evolution of Software Engineering

Step-by-Step Process of Software Evolution

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Aspect Art Craft Engineering

Focus personal creativity Shared practices / Scientific rigor, safety,

teamwork metrics

Process Ad hoc, unstructured Documented, but Formal and data-driven

somewhat flexible

Strict compliance with

Quality Control Subjective, depends on Peer review, coding testing, performance
individual standards metrics

Predictable, scalable,
Outcome Highly varied; More consistent; reliant adheres to strict
inconsistent on best practices requirements 16
 Contd.
In today’s world
• Software engineering is an engineering discipline
• Everyone can learn software design skills
• Coding is accessible without formal degrees

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Impact of Software Engineering

Key areas where software engineering has made a

significant impact:

• Technological Advancements
• Communication and Connectivity
• Automation and Efficiency

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 Contd.
• Technological Advancements
It has led to the development of new technologies, platforms, and tools that continue to shape and transform
industries.

• Communication and Connectivity: Revolutionized global interactions and sharing.

(The development of the internet, email, social media, and various communication tools
has revolutionized the way people interact, collaborate, and share information across the
globe)

• Automation and Efficiency: Automation reduces manual errors, enhances

productivity, and allows organizations to operate more smoothly.

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 ACTIVITY?
A CASE STUDY ON “Evolution of Web Browsers”

• Goal:
Understand how software engineering drives technological advancements in the modern era.

• Background:
Explore the evolution of web browsers from early text-based interfaces to modern, AI-integrated,
feature-rich applications such as Chrome, Edge, Safari, and emerging browsers powered by cloud
computing and machine learning technologies.

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Contd.
Objectives of the Case Study

• Trace the Historical Evolution

• Explore Technological Advancements
• Evaluate User Experience Enhancements
• Examine Security and Privacy Considerations
• Discussing Standardization Efforts
• Predict Future Trends

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22
S/w Engg.

• Bridging Ideas and Reality

Transforms abstract concepts into working software
solutions

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