1.

Introduction
1.1 What is Power Electronics?

1.1.2 Why Do We Study Power Electronics?

• Some Application Examples of Power Electronics

Flexible AC Transmission systems, Electric Drives,
Switched Power Supplies, …

1.1.3 Organization of the Course,

References,
Evaluation, …

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1.1 What is Power Electronics?

 Power electronics refers to control and conversion of electrical power by power

semiconductor devices wherein these devices operate as switches.

 Power electronics used to convert electrical energy from one form to another,
i.e. from the source to load with:
highest efficiency,
lowest cost,
smallest size
least weight

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1.1.1 Power Electronics systems can be considered as Electric Power Processor

SWITCHING
CONVERTER
Electric Electric
Power Power
Input Output
Control
Input

Input
Output
Electric Power at available
•Voltage level Electric Power at Desired
•Frequency •Voltage level
•Number of Phases •Frequency
•Phase angle between voltage and •Number of Phases
Current •Phase angle between voltage and
Current
Control with feedback and feed forward.
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1.1.1 Power Electronics ….. as Electric Power Processor
 It the power processing is effected by proper utilization (application of
Control, Computer Engineering, microelectronics, and power).

Power SWITCHING Power

Input CONVERTER Output
INTERFACE
ELECTROINCS
Feedforward Control
Input
Feedback
CONTROLLER •Analogue Circuitry
REFERENCE •Electronic devices
•Control Systems
•Power Systems
•Magnetics
•Electric machines
•Numerical Simulations
•Computers and microprocessors
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 Interdisciplinary Nature of Power Electronics

 Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering.
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1.1.1 Power Electronics ….. as Electric Power Processor

INPUT OUTPUT
AC DC
• commercially available AC • Variable DC for DC-motors
• Variable voltage like Wind • Constant DC for Inverter

DC DC
• Converter output • Converter output
• Photovoltaic Power Systems • Photovoltaic Power
Systems
DC AC
• Converter output • Inverter to Load
• Photovoltaic Power Systems • Inverter to Grid

AC AC
• commercially available AC • Constant AC to Grid
• Variable voltage like Wind • Variable AC for Drive

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  Why is electric power processed?

 Proper operation of electric system

 Efficient operation of electric systems

 Safe operation of electric system

 In Ethiopia recent imported industrial systems are equipped with power

electronic components. Inverters, motor soft-starters, automation systems are

some examples.

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 1.1.2 Why Do we study Power Electronics?

 Electric power is used in almost every part and everywhere of modern human
society.
 Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern human society.
 The objective of power electronics is right on how to use electric power, and how
to use it effectively and efficiently, and how to improve the quality and utilization of
electric power.
 Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of modern
technology and human society: information electronics is the brain, and power
electronics is the muscle.

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1.1. 2 Why Do we study Power Electronics?
Application Areas
Home &OFFICE INDUSTRY Transportation
•Photocopiers •Grinders
•Trains
•Power Supplies •Process Control
•Induction Heating •Space Vehicles
•Uninterruptible
•Machine Tools •Electric Vehicles
power Supplies
•Motor Control
•Washing Machines •Pumps
•Power Factor
UTILITY
Controllers •Renewable Energies
•Robots •Solid-state Relays
•Spindle Drives •Power line Conditioners
•Fans •Solar Power
•Sanders
•Ventilating Equipment
•Welders
•Servo systems
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1.1.2 Why Power Electronics ?
Range of Application

Range of Power
•Fraction of a Watt battery operated portable apparatus Like mobiles phones,
Electronic watches, etc
•Tens, hundreds, up to thousands of Watts in electronic apparatus like Computers,
office equipments, etc. as Power supplies, battery charge controllers, UPS, etc.
•Kilowatts up to Megawatt range in Electric drives Inverters, Converters, etc.
•Up to several Megawatts in Electric Transmission Systems (Rectifiers and
Inverters, FACTs, HVDC, etc.)

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Therefore, one can work on design, operation, and maintenance of
power electronic systems in such a wide range of power and application.
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1.1.2 Why Power Electronics ?

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 Power Electronics Application
1.1.2 Why Power Electronics ?

 Intermittent nature of Wind

•Variable voltage and frequency
generation
•Inverter Converter system is
used to supply constant
frequency and constant voltage
to load

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1.1.2 Why Power Electronics ?
In Renewable: Wind

DFIG The stator of the wound type induction generator is

connected to utility grid.
•The rotor winding is fed from the grid through the
converter inverter set.
•The rotor supply is used to control the slip frequency
of induction motor depending on the wind speed.

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1.1.2 Why Power Electronics ?
In Renewable: Wind

 Frequency Converters interface the variable frequency the Wind Turbine

Generator (WTG) with the constant voltage and frequency grid.

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 Renewable: Wind

Adama Wind Farm frequency Converter

 Six-phase Permanent Magnet Generator is

with six phase converter inverter system is
used.

GRID 16
1.1.2 Why Power Electronics
Inverter and Peak Power Tracker

Adama Wind Farm frequency Converter

Six-phase Permanent Magnet Generator

is with six phase converter inverter
system is used.

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 Application Examples
1. Examples of Power Electronics Application Rural power Supplies

 Solar panels convert sun shine to

Electric Power .
•Most appliances are AC, hence
inverters are used to convert the DC to
AC
•The Energy is stored in battery for use
during the night when there is no light.
Battery chargers are power converters.

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1.1.2 Why Power Electronics? Application Examples
i) Electric Power Transmission Systems are Converted to DC for Long distance
transmission and then back to AC at load centers.

• Terminal Cost
• Transmission Cost
• Loss

 HDC transmission cost and loss are low compared to the conventional AC
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transmission system while terminal cost is high.
 Application Examples
ii)Transmission Systems Stability, Maximum usage of lines, Efficiency of
transmission line, … Flexible ac transmission(FACTS) Static var compensation &
harmonics
suppression

ABB STATCOM 21
 Application Examples

iii)Examples of Power Electronics Magnetically Controlled Reactor in Adama wind

farm

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 Application Examples
1.1.2 Why Power Electronics? Application our Laptop

Display
Inverter
backlighting

Battery
Charger mprocessor
Buck Power
PWM
Converter managment
Rectifier

Bust
Lithium Disk driver
Converter
battery

Socket Power Supply at 220 V is not useable as it is

DC power supply required at different levels
Disk driver: 12V
microprocessor (various): 2.8, 3.3, 5
AC for display background
Battery Charge Controller 23
 Application Examples
1.1.2 Why Power Electronics? Power Supply of Earth-orbiting Spacecraft

Dissipative Dissipative
Shunt Shunt
Regulator Regulator

Solar Array

Battery Battery DC-DC DC-DC

Charge Charge Converter Converter
Discharge Discharge
Controllers Controllers
Payload Payload

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 Application Examples
1.1.2. Why Power Electronics? Application in Traction

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1.1.2 Why Power Electronics Electric Vehicle Drive Power Supply (typical)

AC Machine AC Machine

Inverter Inverter

mprocessor

Battery DC-DC
Charger Converter

Electronics

Lithium battery Inverter Inverter

AC Machine AC Machine

BATERRY CHARGER

INVERTER

DC-DC Converter
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Major issues in power electronics
 How to meet the requirement of the load or gain better control of the load
 How to improve the efficiency
-- for reliable operation of power semiconductor devices
-- for energy saving
 How to realize power conversion with less volume, less weight, and less cost.
 How to reduce negative influence to other equipment in the electric power
system and to the electromagnetic environment.

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Generally ;Power electronics has been making major contributions to:
 Better performance of power supplies and better control of electric equipment
 Energy saving
 Environment protection
 Reduction of energy consumption leads to less pollution
 Reduction of pollution produced by power converters direct applications to
environment protection technology

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1.1.3 Organization of the course
1. Power electronics and solid state of power electronics
1.1. Introduction to Power Electronics:
1.2. Solid-State Switching Devices:- Dides, Thyristor ,BJT, Power MOSFET, IGBT
2. AC-DC Conversion
2.1 Single-phase AC-DC converters
2.1 Three-phase AC-DC converters
3. DC-DC Conversion
3.1 Buck (step-down) converter
3.2 Boost (step-up) converter
3.3 Buck-Boost converter
3.4 Cuk converter
4 Inverters:
4.1 Six Step Inverter,
4.2 PWM Inverters
5. AC to AC Converter

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 References Application

1.1.4 References:-
1. M.H. Rashid, Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices, and Applications, 3rd Edition,
Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2003.
2. Mohan, Undeland and Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and
Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.
3. Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski, “Introduction to Modern Power Electronics” Johon Wiley
& Sons, Ink, 1998
4. Joseph Vithayathil, “Power Electronics Principles and Application” McGraw-Hill, Inc
5. Cyril W. Lander, “Power Electronics” Third edition
Teaching Methods: Lectures, Simulation on computers

1.1.5 Evaluation Scheme:

Semester Project(Assignment)… ……………………15%
Lab performance test …………………………………15%
Mid-semester examination ….………………………..20%
Final examination………….…... …………………….50%
Total ……………………….….. …………………….100%
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