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Normal Distributions

The document explains normal distributions, specifically the Gaussian distribution characterized by mean and standard deviation. It discusses the properties of standard normal distributions, including the empirical rule and the symmetrical nature of the curve. Additionally, it outlines methods for finding areas under the normal curve based on z-scores.

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Alleah Fajardo
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4 views11 pages

Normal Distributions

The document explains normal distributions, specifically the Gaussian distribution characterized by mean and standard deviation. It discusses the properties of standard normal distributions, including the empirical rule and the symmetrical nature of the curve. Additionally, it outlines methods for finding areas under the normal curve based on z-scores.

Uploaded by

Alleah Fajardo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS

When the variables are continuous, we usually use a


curve rather than a histogram for its distribution. A
normal distribution is an example of a continuous
distribution. It also pertains to a family of bell-shaped
curves that model a number of continuous variables.
The normal distribution is often referred to as
Gaussian distribution in honor of Karl Friedrich
Gauss, a mathematician who derived the equation
from a study of errors in a repeated measurement of
the same quantity.
Gaussian distribution is characterized by two
parameters:
• The mean
• The standard deviation (.
A normal probability distribution has two main
functions:
(1)To determine the ordinates (y values) of the graph
that represents the distribution and (2) to determine
the probabilities.
THE NORMAL CURVE
A continuous random variable X of a bell-shape
distribution it is called normal random variable. The
mathematical equation for the probability distribution
of a normal random variable will depend of two
parameters- the mean () and the standard deviation
(). The values of the density of X denoted by n(x:

This is known as Normal Probability Distribution.


STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

If a random variable will be transformed into a standard


normal distribution, the mean value will be zero and the
standard deviation will become one. As shown in the next
figure, about 68% of the scores are within one standard
deviation from the mean. About 95% of the scores are
within two standard deviations from the mean and about
99.7% of the scores are within three standard deviations
from the mean. This rule is called empirical rule.
All standard normal distributions have the following
properties:
1. The curve has a single peak. Therefore, the
distribution is unimodal.
2. It is symmetrical about the mean value; it is
extended indefinitely in both directions and
asymptotic to the horizontal axis.
3. The mean, median and mode are equal.
4. The shape of the curve will depend on the mean
and the standard deviation.
5. The total are under the standard normal curve is 1.
Since the curve is symmetrical about the mean, the
mean divides the area into two equal parts. Each part
has an area of 0.5.
6. Nearly all the area is between
7. The distribution has a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1.
AREAS UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
In this lesson, we will find the area under the normal
curve given the z-score.
We will solve the probability using the areas under the
normal curve in the following cases:
1. Area to the left of a negative z value
2. Area to the left of a positive z value
3. Area to the right of a positive z value
4. Area to the right of negative z value
CASE 1: Finding the Area to the left of a Negative z
Value
Find the area to the left of z = -2.25

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