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Amines

Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia, characterized by a basic nitrogen atom and are involved in various biological activities and chemical reactions. They can be identified through tests such as the hydrochloric acid test and the Hinsberg test, which distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Amines are known for their strong odors and toxicity, with many hormones being classified as amines.

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11 views7 pages

Amines

Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia, characterized by a basic nitrogen atom and are involved in various biological activities and chemical reactions. They can be identified through tests such as the hydrochloric acid test and the Hinsberg test, which distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Amines are known for their strong odors and toxicity, with many hormones being classified as amines.

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EXPERIMENT 7

IDENTIFICATION OF
AMINES
Amines are organic compounds and functional
groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with
lone pair. Amines are derivatives of ammonia,
wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have
been replaced a subsistent such as an alkyl or
aryl group. Important amines including amino
acids, biogenic amines, trimethyl amine and
aniline. For aliphatic amines name groups
attached to N; use suffix -amine.
:Biological Activity
Amines have strong, characteristic odors, and are
toxic. The smells of ammonia, old fish, urine,
rotting flesh, and semen are mainly composed of
amines. Many kinds of biological activity produce
amines by breakdown of amino acids. Many
hormones like epinephrine, nor epinephrine, and
dopamine, are amines
:Chemical Reactions
1. General test (The hydrochloric acid test).
Amines are characterized chiefly through their basicity. A water insoluble
compound that dissolves in cold dilute hydrochloric acid or a water-soluble
compound whose aqueous turn litmus blue.

NH2 NH3+Cl-

+ HCl

Aniline Anilinium chloride


2. Tests for differentiation between. Primary and
secondary amines.
The Hinsberg Test .
An electrophilic reagent, benzenesulfonyl chloride,
reacts with amines in a fashion that provides a useful
test for distinguishing primary, secondary and tertiary
amines (the Hinsberg test). As shown in the following
equations, 1º and 2º-amines react to give sulfonamide
derivatives with loss of HCl, whereas 3º-amines do not
give any isolable products other than the starting
amine. In the latter case a quaternary "onium" salt may
be formed as an intermediate, but this rapidly breaks
down in water to liberate the original 3º-amine (lower
The Hinsberg test is conducted in aqueous base (NaOH
or KOH), and the benzenesulfonyl chloride reagent is
present as an insoluble oil. The amine dissolves in the
reagent phase, and immediately reacts (if it is 1º or 2º),
with the resulting HCl being neutralized by the base.
The sulfonamide derivative from 2º-amines is usually an
insoluble solid. However, the sulfonamide derivative
from1º-amines are acidic and dissolve in the aqueous
base. Acidification of this solution then precipitates the
sulfonamide of the 1º-amine.
Benzenesulphonyl chloride reacts with primary and
secondary but not with tertiary amines to yield
substituted sulphonamides. The substituted

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