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Artificial Selection

The document discusses artificial selection, a human-driven process to improve agricultural plants and animals through selective breeding methods such as hybridization and inbreeding. It outlines the steps involved in artificial selection and highlights the differences between hybridization, which increases genetic diversity, and inbreeding, which can lead to reduced fitness. Additionally, it addresses the concept of inbreeding depression, which refers to decreased vigor and fertility due to inbreeding.

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marija
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19 views19 pages

Artificial Selection

The document discusses artificial selection, a human-driven process to improve agricultural plants and animals through selective breeding methods such as hybridization and inbreeding. It outlines the steps involved in artificial selection and highlights the differences between hybridization, which increases genetic diversity, and inbreeding, which can lead to reduced fitness. Additionally, it addresses the concept of inbreeding depression, which refers to decreased vigor and fertility due to inbreeding.

Uploaded by

marija
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial selection

Learning Objective

•Explore ways to improve crop plants


and animals using the methods of
breeding.
Success criteria

1. Analyse ways of improving agricultural


plants and animals with the help of selection
methods.
2. Find a method that could be used to
improve their plants and animals and identify
why certain features have been selected.
Terminology
• Hybridization
• Inbreeding
• Offspring
• Selective breeding
• Common ancestors
• methods of breeding
• Inbreeding depression
• Domestication
Artificial selection
• Artificial Selection is a form of selection in which
humans actively choose which traits should be passed
onto offspring.
• selection caused by humans.
• a deliberate and planned process.
• leads to deliberate genetic change.
• genetic constitution of the population changes rapidly.
• on-going process to obtain higher yields, superior
nutrient conrent and resistance to disease.
Steps of Artificial Selection
1. Humans decide trait or characteristic of interest.
2. Breed the choices together
3. Choose offspring with ideal characteristics to mate
4. Repeat for many generations
5. The allelic frequency for the characteristic increases.
6. Decide what type of selection is occurring in the
population
• Selective, Directional, Disruptive
Two different types of selective breeding processes

Hybridization and inbreeding


Hybridization vs Inbreeding
Hybridization Inbreeding
is the process of is the crossing of two
crossing genetically closely related parents,
different individuals to or close relatives, who
produce offspring share very similar
alleles.
• increases the heterozygous alleles
• increases the amount of
• two different species are involved
homozygous alleles.
• Alleles of offspring are much • One species involved
different that their parents
• Alleles of offspring are very similar
• Less probability of genetic
to parents
mutations
• High probability of genetic
mutations
Interbreeding depression

•It refers to decrease in fitness and


vigor due to inbreeding or it may be
defined as the reduction or loss in
vigor and fertility as a result of
inbreeding.
banana
double doodle

Labrador
golden retriever

poodle

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