Database

Systems
 Lecture’s Overview

Database Application
Development Process
Preliminary Study of System
Database Application
Development Process
Involves
Database Design
Application Programs
Implementation
 Database Design
A DB Design is a model of a
particular real-world system
It provides a picture of reality
Should be simple and self-
explanatory
 Database
Development
Process
Database Development
Process
Similar to
Preliminary Study
software
Requirement
Analysis development
DB Design
process
Physical Design

Implementation

Maintenance
Design Stages
Analyze User Environment

Develop Conceptual Model

Map Conceptual Model to Logical

Choose DBMS

Develop Physical Design

Implement System

Test System

Operational Maintenance
 Analyze Existing
System
Objective: To understand the
working of existing system
Analyze users’ requirements
 Tool Used

Why to use at all?

Data Flow Diagrams

Data Flow
Diagrams
Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)

 Represent the flow of data

between different processes
within a system
 Data Flow Diagrams

 Simple & intuitive, not focusing on

details
 To describe, what users do,
do
rather than what computers do
 Data Flow Diagrams
 Limitations

 Focus only on flows of information

 Decision points/basis not included
 DFD-Symbols

Dataflows: pipelines through

which packets of information flow.
Arrows are labeled with name of
the data that moves through
 DFD-Symbols
Data Store
Repositories of data in system
Static data
Data held for processing
Name is a noun phrase
 DFD-Symbols
Process
transforms incoming data flow into
outgoing data flow

OR
 DFD-Process

Numbered
Name is verb/object phrase;
Noun for high-level systems
1.0 1.0
Process OR Process
 DFD-Symbols
External Entities
Sources/destinations for data
Outside the system
Name is Noun Phrase
 DFD-Symbols
Collector
Several data flows combine here
No processing occurs here
 DFD-Symbols

Separator
Several data flows split from here
No processing
 DFD-Symbols
Ring-sum operator
Shows two possible data flows
Only one is followed
 DFD-Symbols
AND operator
Shows two data flows
Both are followed
 Types of DFD

Context diagram
Level 0 diagram
Detailed diagram
 Context Diagram
Consists of single
Process/System
Represents the system/process
being analyzed
Name: Usually a Noun phrase
 Context Diagram
Show Context Only
Inputs/outputs
External Entities
No Data Stores
No flows between external entities
Context Diagram
 Context Diagram
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Course Faculty
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 Detailed Diagram
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