Files

C A programming Language

objective

Explain how information are stored in memory in the form of files. Explain how to open and close the file . Explain how to read and write inside a file.

The C Programming Language

Files

Many application require that information be written to or read from an auxiliary memory device.Such information is stored on the memory in the form of a file. Thus ,files allow us to store information permanently, and to access and alter that information whenever necessary.

The C Programming Language

Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream
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The C Programming Language

File System Basics

The ANSI C file system is composed of several interrelated functions. The most common of these are shown in Table.
Name fopen() fclose() putc() fputc() getc() fgetc() fseek() Function Opens a file Closes a file Writes a character to a file Same as putc() Reads a character from a file Same as getc() Seeks to a specified byte in a file

fprintf()
fscanf() feof() ferror()

Is t a file what printf() is to the console

rewind()
remove() fflush() The C Programming Language

Resets the file position indicator to the beginning of the file

The File Pointer

A file pointer is a pointer to information that defines various things about the file, including its name, status, and the current position of the file. To obtain a file pointer variable, use a statement like this: FILE *fp;

The C Programming Language

Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream
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The C Programming Language

Opening a file

The fopen() function opens a stream for use and links a file with that stream. Then it returns the file pointer associated with that file. The fopen() function has this prototype: FILE *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode);

The C Programming Language

The following fragment uses fopen() to open a file names TEST for output. FILE *fp; fp=fopen(test, w); while technically correct, you will usually see the preceding code written like this: FILE *fp; if((fp=fopen(test,w))==NULL) { printf(cannot open file.\n); exit(1); }
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The C Programming Language

Different modes used in a file

Meaning Open a text file for reading. Create a text file for writing. Append to a text file. Open a binary file for reading. Create a binary file for writing. Append to a binary file. Open a text file for read/ write. Creates a text file for read/write. Append or create a text file for read/write. Open a binary file for read / write. Create a binary file for read/ write. Append or create a binary file for read /
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Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream

The C Programming Language

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Closing a File

The fclose() function closes a stream that was opened by a call to fopen(). fclose() also frees the file control block associated with the stream, making it available for reuse. The fclose() function has this prototype: int fclose(FILE *fp);

The C Programming Language

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Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream
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The C Programming Language

Writing a Character

Two equivalent functions that output a character are putc() and fputc(). The prototype of this function is int putc(int ch, FILE *fp);

The C Programming Language

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Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream
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The C Programming Language

Reading a Character

Two equivalent functions that input a character are getc() and fgetc(). The prototype of getc() is int getc(FILE *fp);

The C Programming Language

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Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream
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The C Programming Language

Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets()

C supports the related functions fputs() and fgets(), which read and write character strings from and to a disk file. They have the following prototypes: int fputs(const char *str, FILE *fp); char *fgets(char *str, int length, FILE *fp);

The C Programming Language

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Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream
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The C Programming Language

Erasing Files

The remove() function erases the specified file. Its prototype is int remove(const char *filename);

The C Programming Language

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Files

File System Basic Opening a File Closing a File Writing a Character Reading a Character Working with Strings: fputs() and fgets() Erasing Files Flushing a Stream
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The C Programming Language

Flushing a Stream

The fflush() function is used to flush the contents of an output stream, The prototype is shown here: int fflush(FILE *fp);

The C Programming Language

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