COMPUTER

HARDWARE
MAINTENANCE

Snnprs Revenue Bureau ICT Training

 COMPUTER HARDWARE
COMPONENTS

• POWER SUPPLY *
MOTHERBOARD
• JUMPER * CMOS
BATTRY
• CHIPSET * PROCESSOR
• FAN * RAM
• CD DRIVE
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 Power supply ATX

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 SYMPTOMS COMPUTER
HARDWARES
• POWER SUPPLY SYMPTOMS
• The computer reboots or powers down without warning.

• The power supply fan is noisy.

• The power supply is too hot to touch.

• The computer emits a burning smell.

• The power supply fan spins, but there is no power to other devices.

• The monitor has power light, but nothing appears on the monitor, and no PC power light

illuminates.

• The power supply fan does not turn when the computer is powered on.

• The computer sounds a continuous beep. (This could also be a bad motherboard or a stuck

key on the keyboard.)

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 Solution
• Select proper voltage.
• Check the power switch fail or not.
• Ensure the premature power not exist.
• Check the power supply fan.
• Check the fuse functionality.
• Measure the proper voltage output for each
Molex's.
• Remove dust from the Molex's & wires that run
from the PSU.
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 motherboard

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Symptoms of Mother board
 System has no power at all

System inoperative. keyboard lights are on, power indicator

lights lit, and hard drive is spinning.
 System doesn’t boot from hard disk drive ,can be booted from
floppy disk.
 After install an expansion cards, the system no longer work
properly.
 Screen goes blank periodically. missing OS on hard drive.
Can’t boot system after installing second hard drive and C drive
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failure repeatedly. Certain keys don’t function.
 Solution motherboard
• Check the proper insertion of memory modules.
• Check the matched pair.

• Check failed CPU insertion.

• Check the damaged/crushed/bent CPU legs.

• Check the CPU, model with the motherboard.

• Check the heat sink and the CPU fan

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 ….Cont’d Solution
motherboard
• Restore the default setting to motherboard and remove
dusts, check and auxiliary wire
• Disconnect the drives ,slots and Molex; reconnecting again

to identify which component is causing failure .

• Run the motherboard without the case.

• Check on other system and swap the CPU, heat sink,

CPU fan and motherboard step by step.
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Symptom of CPU(processor)
• System Starts And Immediately Shuts Down
• Computer Freezes During Work
• "System Abort" Blue Screen
• Black screen

• The system boots, but the OS fails to load

• The system locks-up or dies after several times of operation

• The system says “hardware monitor errors…”

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 Solution
• Check the CPU fan working properly
• Check away foreign material wires from the CPU
fan
• Check the heat sink & fan connected & working
• Check the CPU setting option in to BIOS
• Check the compatibility of CPU with the MB
• Check the CPU clock jumpers are set properly for
the speed and model of processor
• Use the replacement method
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 Hard disk IDE

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 Hard disk SATA

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 Hard disk symptoms
• Computer will not boot and no error message appear on the
screen.

• The screen remains blank when you power up the system.

• The system doesn’t recognize the drive or “drive not ready

“message displayed.

• The drive doesn’t format to full capacity.

• The system error message “disk boot failure ”,Non system disk
”.HDD controller failure.
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 Solution
• Verify compatibility
• Check the drive properly identified by BIOS
• Does the hard drive spin up?
• Check the data cable is bad or not properly seated on
either the drive or the motherboard,
• Verify the jumper configuration.
• Make sure the Molex/SATA is in the power socket.
• Take action for mechanical failure.
• Does the drive make little clicking noises? &
Environment factor
• Check for viruses and check the drive in other system
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 RAM DDR

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 Memory problems
• No display,3 short beep

• Computer always hang during the boot process

• The installation setup interrupt before

confirmation.
• Show CMOS configuration error

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 Solution
• Remove dust from the memory bank & the
memory itself.
• Check the compatibility of the memory interface.

• Check the hole and level to hold the memory

gently and properly.

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 VGA PORT

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 Problem of VGA
• No image on the screen
Solution
• Maintain the VGA
• Check memory, Check cable & VGA card
secured.
• Check RAM & CPU secured.
• Check missing cables /cables damaged
• Check if another card is installed
• Work with other Video Card
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 Symptoms of monitor
• The picture doesn’t appear & looks bad.

• The screen is not synchronized.

• The position of the screen is not in the center.

• The screen is too bright or too dark.

• The screen is shaking.

• No power & strange noise.

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 Solution
• Adjust monitor brightness and contrast based on the
reference.
• Check the pins of the monitors cable to the system unit.
• Fine-tune the position and the size of the screen.
• Control the monitor color quality options.
• Check the functionality of the monitor power cord.
• Check the VGA cable

• Re-install the driver.

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 CMOS

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 Symptom of CMOS
• CMOS failure.
• Invalid configuration

Solution
• Change the battery, Lithium or
Pentium +3 v

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 Common hardware problems
“Fan noise”
Solution

• clean the CPU fan.

• Clean the power supply fan.

• If the noises persists and can be narrowed down to the CPU fan,
replace the CPU fan.

• If the noise persists and can be narrowed down to the fan inside
of the power supply, replace the power supply fan.
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 Common problems “blue
screen”
Solution
• Check RAM
• Check Hard disk
• Check BIOS Configuration
• Uninstall new program/new device
• Reinstall OS program

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 Common Hardware Problems
“Stack”
Cause:- CPU Over heat.

Solution
• Minimize CPU overheat problems.
• Check the RAM

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 Boot problems
Symptom
• No Boot device available

Cause :-

• Hard drive is out of power.

• Hard drive data cable unplugged.

• Hard drive jumper setting in wrong position

• Hard drive BIOS boot sequence is disabled.

• Hard drive Adapter.

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 Computer boot slow
Solution
• Check hard disk
• Wrong cable orientation

• Check virus

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 Software maintenance
• Application software's
• System software's

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System software symptoms
“NO drive/boot devices found” error During OS
Installation
o SOLUTION :- Check BIOS Configuration(SATA
Configuration)
o Check SATA Cable and its connection
o Hard disk failed (sector or header)
o Compatibility of GPT/MBR issues with Mother
Board
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 Cannot install OS
• Cannot install OS at this drive: Drive boot sector
format
• Use OS that support both GPT and MBR

• Use a Bootable flash with GPT installed OS, then

try to install the OS

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 Looping OS installation
• Solution:- use compatible OS with the model
of your computer
•

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 PC won't sleep
• Now press the Windows key and [R] again, but this time type
"devmgmt.msc" to open Device Manager. Find any devices
listed earlier, then double-click them and look for an
Advanced or Power Management tab.
• Check if the device is allowed to bring the PC out of standby
– if it is, untick all the boxes that wake it. Click OK, close
Device Manager and test it worked; repeat the process if
necessary.
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 Program compatibility
problems
• If the program installs but won't run, right-click its
program shortcut and choose Properties > Compatibility
Settings. Select your old version of Windows from the list
and click OK.
• If this fails, try ticking "Run this program as an
administrator"; in Windows 7 you can also click "Help me
choose the settings" to gain access to the Program
Compatibility Troubleshooter.
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 Fix Windows driver
problems
• Press [Windows] + [R], type "devmgmt. msc"
and press [Enter]. Look for yellow
exclamation marks next to troublesome
hardware devices and double-click one.

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 Resolve ReadyBoost conflict
• Your PC can only use one ReadyBoost device at a time, and some
computers come with built-in flash memory already configured for
use with ReadyBoost.
• To resolve this conflict click Start, rightclick Computer and select
Manage, then under Storage choose "Disk Management" to verify
the existence of such a drive. Look for a program called Intel Turbo
Memory Console (type "Intel" into the Start menu's Search box) and
open this to disable the built-in drive in favour of your own.
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 Low memory error
• Fix this problem by making sure Windows is set to handle your
virtual memory settings; open the System Control Panel and either
click "Advanced system settings" or switch to the Advanced tab.
• Then under Performance click Settings, select Advanced and click
Change. You need to verify that either "Automatically manage
paging file for all drives" (in Vista or Windows 7) or "System
managed size" (in Windows XP) is selected, then if necessary click
Set > OK, rebooting when prompted.

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 Create a restore Point
• If your PC didn't come with a Windows installation disc,
click Start, type "backup" and click Backup and Restore.

• Select "Create a system repair disc" and put a blank CD or

DVD in your writeable drive to create a bootable disc with
the "Repair your computer" options on it.

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 System Restore problems
• (Start > All Programs > Accessories > System
tools) and – if prompted – choose "all users".
On the More Options tab delete all but the
newest Restore point. If all else fails, disable
System Restore and lose all Restore points,
then re-enable it.
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 FORUM DISCUSSION
• Raise What Have You Have Faced At
Your Work Environments
• Share Knowledge And Experience With
Each Other.

LETS BEGIN:-
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