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Python 1

The document discusses the types of errors in Python programming, including syntax errors, runtime errors, and logical errors, along with their examples and solutions. It also outlines various debugging techniques such as using print statements, assert statements, logging, debuggers, exception handling, and testing practices. Additionally, it highlights common debugging practices and tools like the Python Debugger (pdb) and IDE debugging features to enhance code reliability.

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muhammedyanish2
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2 views

Python 1

The document discusses the types of errors in Python programming, including syntax errors, runtime errors, and logical errors, along with their examples and solutions. It also outlines various debugging techniques such as using print statements, assert statements, logging, debuggers, exception handling, and testing practices. Additionally, it highlights common debugging practices and tools like the Python Debugger (pdb) and IDE debugging features to enhance code reliability.

Uploaded by

muhammedyanish2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYTHON

PROGRAMMING
|TOPIC : ERRORS AND DEBUGGING
1. TYPES OF ERRORS

• Errors and debugging are crucial parts of Python programming, as they help you identify,
understand, and fix issues in your code. Here’s an overview:
• In Python, there are generally three types of errors:
• 1.Syntax Errors: Occur when the Python parser cannot understand a line of code due to
incorrect syntax.
-Example: print("Hello" (missing closing parenthesis).
-Solution: Review the line where the error is flagged to correct the syntax.
• 2.Runtime Errors: Happen while the code is running, typically due to invalid operations
(e.g., dividing by zero, accessing a non-existent list index).
-Example: x = 10 / 0 (division by zero error).
-Solution: Use error handling (try-except blocks) to manage and debug such cases.
3.Logical Errors: The code runs without syntax or runtime errors but produces incorrect
results due to logic flaws.
-Example: Implementing a loop incorrectly, leading to infinite loops or unexpected outcomes.
-Solution: Debug by checking logic and test with sample inputs.
2.DEBUGGING TECHNIQUES

• Debugging is the process of locating and fixing issues in code. Here are some
key debugging techniques:
• 1.Print Statements: Adding print() statements to display variable values and the
program flow.
• Example:x = 5 y = 10print(f"x = {x}, y = {y}")result = x + yprint(f"Result = {result}“
2.Using assert Statements: To check assumptions and throw an error if a
condition is not met.
Example: def divide(a, b): assert b != 0, "b should not be zero" return a / b
• 3.Logging: The logging module provides more flexibility than print statements, allowing for
various log levels (INFO, DEBUG, WARNING, ERROR)•
• Example:
• import logging
• logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)logging.debug("This is a debug message")
• 4.Using a Debugger: Python IDEs like PyCharm, VS Code, and others have built-in debuggers,
which let you step through code line by line, inspect variable states, and set breakpoints.
• •Setting breakpoints allows you to pause execution at a specific line to inspect the program
state.
• 5.Exception Handling: Use try-except blocks to catch and handle errors gracefully.
• Example:
• try: x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
• result = 10 / x
• except ValueError: print("Invalid input; please enter an integer.")except
ZeroDivisionError: print("Division by zero is not allowed.")
• 6.Testing: Writing test cases using unittest or pytest frameworks can catch errors early
and validate code correctness.
3.COMMON DEBUGGING PRACTICES
• Isolate the Problem: Focus on the part of the code where the issue appears to
occur.
• Use Comments and Code Simplification: Commenting out parts of the code can
help identify issues.
• Use Version Control: Tools like Git allow you to revert changes and track when
bugs were introduced.
4.TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING
• Python Debugger (pdb): This is a built-in Python module that provides an interactive
debugging environment.
• Example usage:
• import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
• IDE Debugging Tools: Most IDEs support advanced debugging features, such as
stepping over functions, inspecting variables, and even modifying variable values on the
fly.
• By mastering these techniques, you can efficiently identify and fix errors in Python,
leading to more robust and reliable code.
SUBMITTED BY

MUHAMMAD YANEESH
3RD BCA

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