MATLAB

(LECTURE # 02)
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AGENDA
 Read and Display Single Images
 Read Two Images and Display
 How to add two images
 RGB to Gray Scale
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READ AND DISPLAY SINGLE IMAGE

a=imread('Babar.JPG'); % Reads the image file 'Babar.JPG' into
variable 'a'

imshow(a);
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READ AND DISPLAY SINGLE IMAGE

The imread() function reads the image file from the
specified location and stores its pixel data in the variable
a.
The variable a now contains the image data as a matrix,
where:
• Each pixel's color information is represented in grayscale (if
the image is black and white) or in RGB (if the image is in
color).
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READ AND DISPLAY SINGLE IMAGE

 This MATLAB script reads an image file and displays it in a figure
window.
 Below is the detailed description of the code functionality:

Objective:
To load and display an image named Babar.JPG in a MATLAB figure
window.

Usage:
This script is commonly used for:
• Viewing images in MATLAB for analysis or inspection.
• Visualizing the output of image processing techniques.
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READ AND DISPLAY SINGLE IMAGE

Prerequisites:
The file Babar.JPG must exist in the current MATLAB working
directory, or you need to specify the full path to the image file.
MATLAB's Image Processing Toolbox is required for the imshow()
function.
Customization:
Replace Babar.JPG with the name of another image file to display
a different image.
Additional processing, can be applied before displaying the image.
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READ TWO IMAGES AND DISPLAY

a=imread('Smith.JPG');
b=imread('Cummins.JPG');
figure
subplot(121)
imshow(b)
subplot(122)
imshow(a)
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READ TWO IMAGES AND DISPLAY

a=imread('Smith.JPG'); % Reads the image file 'Smith.JPG' into variable 'a'.
b=imread('Cummins.JPG'); % Reads the image file 'Cummins.JPG' into variable 'b’.
figure % Opens a new figure window for displaying the images.
subplot(121) % Creates a subplot layout with 1 row, 2 columns, and
selects the 1st position.
imshow(b) % Displays the image stored in 'b' (Cummins.JPG) in the first
subplot
subplot(122) % Creates the second subplot (1 row, 2 columns, 2nd
position)
imshow(a) % Displays the image stored in 'a' (Smith.JPG) in the second
subplot
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READ TWO IMAGES AND DISPLAY

•This MATLAB script reads and displays two images side-by-
side in a single figure window using the subplot function.

Objective:

•To load two images from the disk and display them in a single
figure window arranged horizontally.

Usage:

• This script is useful for comparing two images side-by-side,

making it ideal for visual analysis in fields such as image
processing, computer vision, and digital forensics.
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READ TWO IMAGES AND DISPLAY

In MATLAB, the subplot function is used to create multiple plots in a
single figure window.
The syntax subplot(121) is a shorthand for subplot(m, n, p) where:
 m: The number of rows in the subplot grid.
 n: The number of columns in the subplot grid.
 p: The position of the current subplot.
For subplot(121):
 m = 1: There is 1 row of subplots.
 n = 2: There are 2 columns of subplots.
 p = 1: The plot will occupy the first position in this 1x2 grid.
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READ TWO IMAGES AND DISPLAY

Prerequisites:
• Ensure that Smith.JPG and Cummins.JPG exist in current MATLAB
working directory or specify the full path to the images.
• MATLAB’s Image Processing Toolbox must be installed for the
imshow() function.
Customization:
You can replace the file names Smith.JPG and Cummins.JPG with
other image files.
 Modify the subplot layout to display images in different
arrangements (e.g., 2 rows, 1 column).
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HOW TO ADD TWO IMAGES

a=imread('Smith.JPG');
b=imread('Cummins.JPG');
c=imadd(a,b);
subplot(221);imshow(a);title('1st image')
subplot(222);imshow(b);title('2nd image')
subplot(223);imshow(c);title('addition image')
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HOW TO ADD TWO IMAGES

a = imread('Smith.JPG'); % Reads the first image ('Smith.JPG') into variable 'a'.
b = imread('Cummins.JPG'); % Reads the second image ('Cummins.JPG') into
variable 'b'.
c = imadd(a, b); % Performs pixel-wise addition of the two images and stores
the result in 'c’.
subplot(221); imshow(a); title('1st image') % Displays the first image in the top-left
position.

subplot(222); imshow(b); title('2nd image') % Displays the second image in the

top-right position.
subplot(223); imshow(c); title('addition image') % Displays the resulting image
at the bottom-left position.
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HOW TO ADD TWO IMAGES

 This MATLAB script reads two images, performs pixel-wise addition, and
displays the original images alongside their addition result using subplots
in a single figure window.
 Below is the detailed description:
Objective:
 To load two images, add them together using MATLAB's iamadd() function,
and display the original images along with the result of their addition.
Usage:
 This script demonstrates how to perform and visualize pixel-wise
operations on images.
 It is useful in:
• Image processing and analysis.
• Understanding image arithmetic operations.
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HOW TO ADD TWO IMAGES

Prerequisites:
The files Smith.JPG and Cummins.JPG must exist in the current
MATLAB working directory or their full paths should be specified.
The two images must have the same dimensions for pixel-wise
addition.

Customization:
Replace Smith.JPG and Cummins.JPG with other image files to
test with different inputs.
Modify the operation (e.g., imsubtract, immultiply) to explore
other arithmetic operations on images.
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RGB TO GRAY SCALE

b=imread('Smith.JPG');
figure
subplot(121)
imshow(b)
subplot(122)
I=rgb2gray(b);
imshow(I)
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RGB TO GRAY SCALE

b = imread('Smith.JPG’); % Reads the color image file 'Smith.JPG' into
variable 'b'.
figure % Opens a new figure window for displaying
the images.
subplot(121) % Creates the first subplot (1 row, 2 columns,
1st position).
imshow(b) % Displays the original color image stored in
'b'.
I = rgb2gray(b); % Converts the color image 'b' to grayscale
and stores it in 'I'.
subplot(122) % Creates the second subplot (1 row, 2
columns, 2nd position).
imshow(I) % Displays the grayscale image stored in 'I'.
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RGB TO GRAY SCALE

 This MATLAB script reads a color image, converts it to grayscale,
and displays both the original and grayscale images side-by-side in
a single figure window using subplots.
 Below is the detailed description of the file:
Objective:
 To load a color image (Smith.JPG), convert it to a grayscale image,
and display both the original and grayscale images for comparison.
Usage:

This script demonstrates how to:

 Convert a color image to grayscale.
 Compare the original image with its grayscale representation.

It is commonly used in image processing tasks where grayscale

images are preferred for computational efficiency.
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RGB TO GRAY SCALE

Prerequisites:
The file Smith.JPG must exist in the current MATLAB working directory
or its full path should be provided.
MATLAB's Image Processing Toolbox is required for the rgb2gray
function and imshow.

Customization:
Replace Smith.JPG with another image file to test with different inputs.
Add titles to the subplots for better clarity

• title('Original Image') % For the first subplot.

• title('Grayscale Image') % For the second subplot.