Datastructures in

Python
By – Tanmay Jain
 Types of data structures

There two types of data structures:

• Built-in data structures, data structures that provided by default
Eg: list, dictionary ,tuple…

• User-defined data structures (classes in object oriented

programming) that are designed for a particular task
Eg: Stack , Queue…
Python built in data
structures
• Python has set of built in data structures :
– lists
– tuples
– dictionaries
– sets
 Lists
• An ordered collection of items

• List items does not need to be of same type

We can have numbers, strings , list etc in the same list

• List notation
• A = [1,”This is a list”, ‘c’,2.5]
• B = []
• C = list()
Create a List
• Make a list using string

>>> lst = 'Welcome to meetup'.split()

>>> lst
['Welcome', 'to', 'meetup']

>>> lst = 'What,a,wonderful,world'.split(',')

>>> lst
['What', 'a', 'wonderful', 'world']
• Access the items in the list

>> names = [ ‘Rahul’, ‘Mahesh, ‘Aishwarya’ ]

• Read one :
>> names[0]
>> Rahul

>> names[-1]
>> Aishwarya

• Read one at a time :

>> for name in names:
print name
Rahul
Mahesh
Aishwary
a
 Methods of Lists

• List.append(x)
– Adds an item to the end of the list
Eg:
>> list_items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>> list_items.append(6)
>> list_items
>> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
• List.extend(L)
- Extends the list by appending all the items in the given list
‘L’ to the existing list
Eg:
>> list_items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>> list_items.extend([6, 7, 8, 9])
>> list_items
>> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9 ]
• List.insert(i,x)
- Inserts an item x at
index i
Eg:
>> list_items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>> list_items.insert(3, 10)
>> list_items
>> [ 1, 2, 3, 10, 4, 5]
• List.remove(x)
- Removes the first occurrence of the item from the list
whose value is x
Eg:
>> list_items = [1, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5]
>> list_items.remove(5)
>> list_items
>> [ 1, 3, 4, 5, 5]
• List.pop(i)
- Remove and returns item at index i,default value of i is last index of the
list Eg:
>> list_items = [1, 5, 3, 4, 5, 8]
>> list_items.pop()
>> 8
>> lst
>> [1, 5, 3, 4, 5]
>> list_items.pop(2)
>> 3
>> lst
[1, 5, 4, 5]
 Some other methods of
Lists
>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 6]
• a.count(x) # Returns occurrence of specified x
>> a.count(6)
>> 2
• a.index(x) # Returns the first index where the given value appears
>> a.index(6)
>> 5
• a.reverse() # Reverses order of list
>> a.reverse()
>> [6, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
• a.sort()
>> a
>> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7]
 Slicing a List
• List[ start, stop]

>> lst = list(‘Monty Python’)

>> lst
>> ['M', 'o', 'n', 't', 'y', ' ', 'P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']

>> lst[6:10]
>> ['P', 'y', 't', 'h']

>> lst[0 : 5]
>> ['M', 'o', 'n', 't', 'y']
>> lst[6: 10] >> lst[:5]
>> [''P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o'] >> ['M', 'o', 'n', 't', 'y']

>> lst[-12 : -7] >> lst[5:]

>> ['M', 'o', 'n', 't', 'y'] >> [' ', 'P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']
 Practice
1) Write a program to read the input and process it

Input will be items separated by space. Perform the following actions. a).
Make a list of the input provided and print it
b) Count the no of items in the list and print it
c)Ask the user to provide a item as input and find the index of the item , if the item is not
present print ‘Item not found’ else print the index.
Find the Occurrence of the item in the list d).
Reverse the list and print it
e). Sort the list in descending order and print
the sorted list
Input :
Enter the numbers :a c d e z k m o
Practice
 Diction
• Consists of Key– Value pair ary
• Keys needs to unique
• Items of the dictionary are not ordered

Eg:
>> empty_dict = dict()
>> empty_dict
>> {}

>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}

>> phonebook
>> {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}

>> Phonebook['Rock‘]
>> 999999999
Modifying a Dictionary
>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}
>> phonebook['Rock‘] = 666666666
>> phonebook
>> {'Rock': 666666666, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}

>> phonebook['Ricky'] = 3333333333

>> phonebook
>> {'Rock': 999999999, 'Ricky': 3333333333, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}
Methods in Dictionary
dict.keys()
>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}
>> phonebook.keys()
>> ['Mohan', 'Rashmi', 'Rock']

dict.values()
>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}
>> phonebook.values()
>> [777777777, 888888888, 999999999]
• dict.items()

>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}

>> phonebook.items()
>> [('Mohan', 777777777), ('Rashmi', 888888888), ('Rock', 999999999)]
dict.clear()

>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}

>> phonebook.clear()
>> phonebook
>> {}
dict.copy()
>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}
>> newPhoneBook = phonebook.copy()
>> newPhoneBook
>>{'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan': 777777777}
• dict.get(key)

>> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan':

777777777}
>> phonebook['Akshay']
>> phonebook.get('Mohan')
• in keyword :

> >> phonebook = {'Rock': 999999999, 'Rashmi': 888888888, 'Mohan':

777777777}
>> ‘Akshay’ in phonebook
>> False
>> ‘Rock’ in phonebook
>> True
Practice
Write a program to read the student and marks and make a dictionary
Sample Input:
Enter the details : Mahesh 20

Output:
{‘Mahesh’ : 20 }
Practice
2. Write a program to read the names from the user and make a list of
names , then loop through the list of name and ask for email.
Make a dictionary of name,email
Sample Input :

Output:
 Tuples

• A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects.

• Tuples are sequences, just like lists.
• Any constant data that won’t change , better to use tuple
 >> tup1 = ()

 >> tup2 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)

 >> tup3 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
 >> tup4 = "a", "b", "c", "d"
 Accessing items
• inusingTuple
Item can be access the index

>> languages = ('Hindi','English','Telugu','Gujarati','Marathi')

>> languages[0]
>> 'Hindi'

• Slicing can be used in Tuple

>> languages[0:3]
('Hindi', 'English', 'Telugu')
 Simple example
• of Tuple
Swapping of numbers:
>> a= 1
>> b = 2
>> temp = a
>> a = b
>> b = temp
>> a
2
>> b
1

>> a
=1
>> b
=2
>>
a, b
= b,
a
 Set
• Sets are unordered collections of simple objects
• Unique collections of immutable objects

• Define a Set:

>> set1 = set()

>> set2 = {'Ramesh','Mahes','Suresh'}

>> country = set(['India','America','Africa'])

>> country
>> set(['Africa', 'America', 'India', 'China'])
 Methods
in Set
• Set.add(element)

>> set2 = {'Ramesh','Mahes','Suresh'}

>> set2.add('Himesh')
>> set2
>> set(['Himesh', 'Ramesh', 'Suresh', 'Mahes'])
• copy

>> names = {'Ramesh','Mahesh','Suresh'}

>> new_names = names.copy()
>> new_names
>> set(['Mahesh', 'Ramesh', 'Suresh'])
• clear

>> names = {'Ramesh','Mahesh','Suresh'}

>> names.clear()
>> names
>> set([])
• difference

>> x = {"a","b","c","d","e"}
>> y = {"b","c"}
>> x.difference(y)
>> set(['a', 'e', 'd'])
• discard(ele)

>> x = {"a","b","c","d","e"}
>> x.discard("b")
>> x
>> set(['a', ‘c', 'e', 'd'])
• remove(ele)

>> x = {"a","b","c","d","e"}
>> x.remove("b")
>> x
>> set(['a', ‘c', 'e', 'd'])
• intersection

>> x = {"a","b","c"}
>> y = {"d","e"}
>> x.intersection(y)
>> set([])
>> y.add("b")
>> x.intersection(y)
>> set(["b"])
• union

>> x = {"a","b","c"}
>> y = {"d","e"}
>> x.union(y)
• issubset

>>> x = {"a","b","c"}
>>> y = {"d","e"}
>>> z = {"b","c"}
>>> y.issubset(x)
False
>>> z.issubset(x)
True
• issuperset

>>> x = {"a","b","c","d"}
>>> y = {"c", "d"}
>>> x.issuperset(y)
True
>>> y.issuperset(x)
False
• pop()

• Remove and return an arbitrary set element.

>>> x = {"a","b","c","d"}
>>> x.pop()
>>> ‘a’
Questions ?