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Introduction To Research

The document provides an overview of research, defining it as a systematic investigation aimed at discovering new knowledge or correcting misconceptions. It emphasizes the characteristics of educational research, including its empirical, logical, and cyclical nature, and outlines its purposes such as information gathering, explanation, prediction, monitoring, and discovery. The text also highlights the methodological rigor and the importance of data collection in the research process.

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6 views11 pages

Introduction To Research

The document provides an overview of research, defining it as a systematic investigation aimed at discovering new knowledge or correcting misconceptions. It emphasizes the characteristics of educational research, including its empirical, logical, and cyclical nature, and outlines its purposes such as information gathering, explanation, prediction, monitoring, and discovery. The text also highlights the methodological rigor and the importance of data collection in the research process.

Uploaded by

shaha waseem
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD

PREPARED BY: DR. IJAZ ASHRAF


COURSE: EDUCATIONAL RESEARC
CLASS: B.ED 2ND SEM.
INTRODUCTION

Research: Research is derived from Middle


French “recherché” which means ‘to go about
seeking’. It has two syllables re and search. Re
means again and search means to find. On the
whole research means to find or seek again.
CONTI…

L.R GAY “Research is the formal systematic application of the scientific


•method to the study of problems”.
J.W BEST “Research is an intellectual activity which brings to light new
knowledge or corrects previous errors and misconceptions and ads in the orderly
•way to the existing corpus of knowledge”.
BURNS “Research is a systematic investigation to find answers to a problem”.
REDMAN & MORY “Research is a systematic effort to gain new knowledge”.
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Educational research is the set of activities which involves the systematic
collection and analysis of data with a view to producing valid knowledge
•about teaching, learning and the institutional framework in which they occur.
OR
Educational research refers to a variety of methods in which individuals
evaluate different aspects of education including students learning, teaching,
methods, teachers training and classroom dynamics.
CONTI…

CRESWELL “A cyclical process of steps that typically begins


with identifying a research problem or issue of study. It then
involves reviewing the literature, specifying a purpose of study,
collecting and analyzing data and forming an interpretation of
information. This process culminates in a report, disseminated to
audience that is evaluated and used in the educational
•
community”.
A.S ROGERS “The research done in an educational setting is
known as educational research”.
FEATURES / CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
• The features or the characteristics of a research are as follow;
1. Empirical: Research is based on the direct experience or observation
by the researcher.
2. Logical: Research is based on valid procedures, principles or theories
that will be helpful in predicting the future occurrences.
3. Cyclical: Research starts with a problem and end with a problem.
4. Analytical: Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in
gathering data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental or case
study.
5. Critical: Research exhibits careful and precise judgments.
CONTI….

6. Methodological: Research is conducted in a methodological manner


without bias using the systematic method and procedures.
7. Data Collection: Research involves gathering new data from primary or
first-hand sources or using existing data for a new purpose.
8. Valid and Verifiable: This concept implies that whatever we conclude on
the basis of findings is correct and can be verified by us and others.
CONTI…

9. Controlled: Different factors to be controlled; quite difficult in social sciences.


In real life there are many factors which affect an outcome. In a study of cause and
effect relationships it is important to link the effect(s) with the cause(s) and vice
versa.
10. Rigorous: The procedure followed to find answers to a question are relevant,
appropriate and justified. The degree of rigorous varies markedly between the
physical and the social sciences.
11. Unhurried Activity: The research is a patient and an unhurried activity.
12. Replicability: Research designs and the procedures are repeated to enable the
researcher to achieve at valid and conclusive results.
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

Research involves the systematic investigation of phenomena. The purpose of


research is as under;
1. Information Gathering: Information gathering is the gathering or collection
of different data or information from surrounding. This is the main purpose
of conducting a proper research.
2. Explanation: The purpose of conducting a research is to use it to explain
why something is occurring. Most often, this means identifying and
explaining a problem. For example marketers may seek to know why sales in
a certain geographic region are declining when it was forecasted to rise.
CONTI…

3. Prediction: Research is used to help assess a situation and predict what may happen in
the future. It is also used to predict what may happen if something is changed. For example
effect on sales if price is changed.
4. Monitoring: Many decisions made by marketers must be monitored to ensure that goals
are being attained. For example a sales manager, will look to monitor research in order to
track the performance of the sales.
CONTI…

5. Discovery: To find unexpectedly or doing a search. It


is a kind of research and the purpose of research is to
investigate or discover what is hidden or unknown or to
obtain knowledge or sight of what is not known.

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