Advance Computer

Networks

By Ms V. Lazarus

Lesson 1 :Network
Classification
Introduction to Computers 2
 Networking

 The generic term node or host refers to any device on

a network
 Data transfer rate The speed with which data is
moved from one place on a network to another
 Data transfer rate is a key issue in computer networks

15-3
 Networking

 Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in

the world of computing called the client/server model

Figure 15.1 Client/Server interaction 15-4

 Networking

 File server A computer that stores and manages files

for multiple users on a network
 Web server A computer dedicated to responding to
requests (from the browser client) for web pages

15-5
 Peer-to-Peer

 In a peer-to-peer network, computers on the network

are equal, with each workstation providing access to
resources and data. This is a simple type of network
where computers are able to communicate with one
another and share what is on or attached to their
computer with other users. It is also one of the easiest
types of architectures to create.
peer to peer
 Category of Network according to size
and area

Categorized by size and physical area covered

 PAN (Personal Area Network)
 LAN (Local Area Network)
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
 WAN (Wide Area Network)

Advanced Computer Networks

8
 PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)

A PAN is most commonly used for one individual and to

connect just a handful of devices such as a computer, smart
phone, and printer. Probably the most well-known PAN
technology is Bluetooth connection. So, next time you
connect your phone to your car to play music, you can thank
your Personal Area Network!
 Types of Personal Area Network:

There are two types of Personal Area Network:

o Wired Personal Area Network
o Wireless Personal Area Network
Wireless Personal Area Network: Wireless Personal Area
Network is developed by simply using wireless technologies such
as WiFi, Bluetooth. It is a low range network
Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal Area Network
is created by using the USB
 Examples Of Personal Area Network:

• Body Area Network: Body Area Network is a network

that moves with a person. For example, a mobile
network moves with a person. Suppose a person
establishes a network connection and then creates a
connection with another device to share the
information.
• Offline Network: An offline network can be created
inside the home, so it is also known as a home
network. A home network is designed to integrate the
devices such as printers, computer, television but they
are not connected to the internet.
• Small Home Office: It is used to connect a variety of
devices to the internet and to a corporate network using
a VPN
 Advantages of PAN Networks:

 Enhanced Connectivity: PAN networks provide seamless

connectivity and enable devices to communicate and share
information wirelessly within a confined space. This enhances
convenience and eliminates the need for physical cables.
 Mobility: PAN networks facilitate mobility, allowing users to
connect and control their personal devices on the go. This enables
seamless integration and synchronization between devices.
 Data Sharing: PAN networks make it easy to share files,
documents, and media between devices. This promotes
collaboration and productivity, as users can quickly transfer and
access information.
 Personalization: PAN networks offer a personalized network
environment, allowing users to customize their device connections
and settings according to their preferences. This enhances the user
experience and convenience.
 Energy Efficiency: PAN technologies, such as Bluetooth, are
designed with low power consumption. This preserves the battery
life of connected devices, making PAN networks energy-efficient.
 Disadvantages of PAN Networks:

 Limited Range: PAN networks have a short-range coverage area,

typically up to 10 meters. This limits the distance over which devices can
communicate and share information.
 Interference: PAN networks may experience interference from other
wireless devices operating in the same frequency range. This can affect
the quality of the connection and data transfer speed.
 Security Concerns: PAN networks can be vulnerable to security risks,
such as unauthorized access and data breaches. It is important to
implement security measures, such as authentication and encryption, to
protect PAN networks and their connected devices.
 Device Compatibility: PAN networks may face compatibility issues
between different devices and technologies. Not all devices may support
the same PAN technology, which can limit interoperability.
 Local area network (LAN)

 This is an extremely common and well-known type of network.

This type of network can be utilized to connect devices
throughout one building or even 2-3 buildings depending on
the proximity to each other. Whether your office location
utilizes wired or wireless connection, it’s almost surely using a
LAN connection. …
 Advantages of LANs:

 Enhanced Communication and Collaboration: LANs

enable efficient and seamless communication and
collaboration within a local area. Users can easily share
resources, files, and information, facilitating teamwork and
productivity.
 Resource Sharing: LANs allow for the sharing of common
resources such as printers, scanners, and storage devices.
This eliminates the need for individual peripherals and reduces
costs.
 Centralized Data Management: LANs provide a centralized
data management system, allowing for easier backup,
storage, and retrieval of data. This improves data security and
accessibility.
 Faster Data Transfer: LANs offer high-speed data transfer
rates within the network, enabling faster communication and
efficient file sharing.
 Scalability: LANs can be easily expanded to accommodate
additional devices and users as the organization or network
requirements grow. This provides flexibility and future-proofing
capabilities.
 Disadvantages of LANs:

 Limited Range: LANs are confined to a limited geographical

area, typically within a building or campus.
 Cost: Setting up and maintaining a LAN can involve significant
costs, including hardware, software, network infrastructure,
and administration.
 Network Complexity: LANs can be complex to configure and
manage, requiring specialized IT knowledge and expertise
 Security Risks: LANs are vulnerable to security threats,
including unauthorized access, data breaches, and malware
attacks.
 Dependency on Network Availability: LANs heavily rely on
network availability and stability.
 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

 Larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, a MAN

incorporates elements of both types of networks. It
connects multiple LANs together and spans an entire
geographical area such as a city or town (or sometimes
a campus).
 Advantages of MAN :

• It provides higher security compare to WAN

• It helps in cost-effective sharing of common resources such as
printer etc
• It help people interface fast LANs together. This is due to easy
implement of links
• MAN require fewer resources compare to WAN. This saves the
implementation cost
• The dual bus used in MAN help the transmission of data in both
direction simultaneously
• It provides a good backbone for a large network and also
provides greater access to WAN
 Disadvantages of MAN :

• More cable require for a MAN connection from one place to

another
• The data rate is slow compared to LAN
• It is difficult to make a system secure from hackers
• The large network difficult to manage
• It is difficult to secure the network once its becomes large
• Network installation require skilled technicians and network
administrators. This increases overall installation and
management costs
• Cost is higher than LAN
 WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

 Like LANs, you very well may recognize the term

“WAN.” WANs do the same thing as LANs but across a
larger area while connecting more devices. Even when
miles apart, a WAN can connect devices together
remotely. In fact, the most basic example of a WAN is
the Internet which connects computers and devices
worldwide.
 Examples Of Wide Area Network:

• Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used

across a region or country.
• Last mile: A telecom company is used to provide the
internet services to the customers in hundreds of cities
by connecting their home with fiber.
• Private network: A bank provides a private network
that connects the 44 offices. This network is made by
using the telephone leased line provided by the telecom
company.
 Advantages Of Wide Area Network:

• Geographical area: A Wide Area Network provides a

large geographical area. Suppose if the branch of our
office is in a different city then we can connect with
them through WAN. The internet provides a leased line
through which we can connect with another branch.
• Centralized data: In case of WAN network, data is
centralized. Therefore, we do not need to buy the
emails, files or back up servers.
• Get updated files: Software companies work on the
live server. Therefore, the programmers get the updated
files within seconds.
• Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages
are transmitted fast. The web application like Facebook,
Whatsapp, Skype allows you to communicate with
friends.
• Sharing of software and resources: In WAN
network, we can share the software and other resources
 Disadvantages of Wide Area Network

• Security issue: A WAN network has more security

issues as compared to LAN and MAN network as all the
technologies are combined together that creates the
security problem.
• Needs Firewall & antivirus software: The data is
transferred on the internet which can be changed or
hacked by the hackers, so the firewall needs to be used.
Some people can inject the virus in our system so
antivirus is needed to protect from such a virus.
• High Setup cost: An installation cost of the WAN
network is high as it involves the purchasing of routers,
switches.
• Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so
fixing the problem is difficult