Introduction to Programming

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
Chapter 6

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Topics
• Branching
Statement
• IF Statement
• Switch Statement

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Branching Statement
• A program consists of a number of statements
which
are usually executed in sequence.
• Programs can be much more powerfulif we
can control the order in which statements are
run.
• The Branching Statements or Control
Statements let the program makes a decision
about what to do next.

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IF Statement
• The IF Statement is a powerful decision making
statement and is used to control the flow of
execution of statements.
• It is basically a two-way decision statement
and is
used in conjunction with an expression.

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IF Statement
• It allows the computer to evaluate the
expression first and then, depending on
whether the value of the expression (relation
or condition) is ' true ' (non-zero) or ' false '
(zero), it transfers the control to a particular
statement.
• This point of program has two paths to follow,
one for the true condition and the other for
the false condition.
• The if statement may be implemented in
different forms depending on the complexity 5
Introduction to Programming

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IF Statement
• Two types of IF
Statement:
– Simple IF Statement
– IF-ELSE Statement

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Simple IF Statement
• The statement-block may be a single
statement or a group of statements.
• If the test expression is true, the statement-
block will be executed; otherwise the
statement-block will be skipped and the
execution will jump to statement-x.
• Remember, when the condition is true both the
statement-block and the statement-x are
executed in sequence.

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Simple IF Statement

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IF-ELSE Statement
• The if....else statement is an extension of the
simple if statement.
• If the test expression is true , then the
true-block statement(s), immediately following
the if statement are executed; otherwise the
false-block statement(s) are executed.
• In either case, either true-block or false-block
will be
executed, not both.

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IF-ELSE Statement

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Example 1
The flow chart shows
a program which
ask a user to enter
a number, and then
compare the
number given either
it is bigger or
smaller than 5.

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Example 2
The flow chart shows a program to check
whether the
student “Passed” or “Failed”.

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SWITCH Statement
• In computer programming, a Switch Statement
(also known as Case Statement) is a type of
control statement that exists in most modern
imperative programming languages.
• This is another form of the multi way decision.
• A switch statement is a selection statement
that lets you transfer control to different
statements within the switch body depending
on the value of the switch expression.

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SWITCH Statement
• If the value of the switch expression equals the
value of one of the case expressions, the
statements following that case expression are
processed.
• If not, the default label statements, if
any, are
processed.

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Example 1

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Example 2

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