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Lesson 1 Random Variables 1

The document explains the concept of random variables in statistics, detailing the sample space as the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. It distinguishes between discrete random variables, which can take finite values, and continuous random variables, which can take any value within a range. Additionally, it provides exercises and activities to classify random variables and determine their values based on specific experiments.

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0 views

Lesson 1 Random Variables 1

The document explains the concept of random variables in statistics, detailing the sample space as the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. It distinguishes between discrete random variables, which can take finite values, and continuous random variables, which can take any value within a range. Additionally, it provides exercises and activities to classify random variables and determine their values based on specific experiments.

Uploaded by

ibalelouigialexis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Concept of Random Variables

Statistics is concerned with making inferences


about populations and population characteristics.

Experiments are conducted with results that are


subject to chance (probability).
Concept of Random Variables –
The Sample Space
The set of all possible outcomes of a statistical
experiment is called Sample Space.
For example, construct the sample space of each
possible outcome when three electronic components
are tested.
S = {NNN, NND, NDN, DNN, NDD, DND, DDN,
DDD},
where N denotes nondefective and D denotes
defective.
Concept of Random Variables –
The Sample Space
Construct the sample space of each possible
outcome when three electronic components are
tested.

S = {NNN,NND,NDN,DNN,NDD,DND,DDN,DDD}

where N denotes nondefective and D denotes


defective.
(Note this can be constructed using tree diagram)
Concept of Random Variables –
The Sample Space
Suppose that the concern is the number of defective
that occur.
S = {NNN,NND,NDN,DNN,NDD,DND,DDN,DDD}
0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
Thus, each point in the sample space will be
assigned a numerical value of 0, 1, 2, or 3.

These values are random quantities determined by


each outcome of the experiment.
Random Variables
 A random variable is a variable that
assumes numerical values associated
with the random outcome of an
experiment, where one (and only one)
numerical value is assigned to each
sample point.
Hence, it is a function whose value is
a real number determine by each
element in the sample space.
Random Variable
Random Variable
Random Variable
Two Types of Random
Variables
 A discrete random variable can assume a
finite or countable number of values.
 Number of persons in Iligan City objecting the new ordinance.
 X = values on the roll of two dice. X has to be either 2, 3, 4, …, or 12.
 Examples 1 and 2

 A continuous random variable can assume


any value along a given interval of a number
line or on any value in a continuous scale.
 The percentage of the students passed the exam.
 X = time it takes you to drive home from class: X > 0, might be 30.1
minutes
 Examples 3 and 4
Two Types of Random
Variables
 Discrete random variables
 Number of sales
 Number of calls
 Shares of stock
 People in line
 Mistakes per page
 Continuous random
variables
 Length
 Depth
 Volume
 Time
 Weight
Exercises:

1. A coin is tossed 3 times. Let X be


the random variable denoting the
number of heads. Find the values of
the random variable X.
2. A pair of dice is rolled. Determine
the values of the random variable Y
denoting the sum of the results.
Activity:
1. Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous:
a) X: the number of automobile accidents per year in Virginia.
b) Y : the length of time to play 18 holes of golf.
c) M: the amount of milk produced yearly by a particular cow.
d) N: the number of eggs laid each month by a hen.
e) P: the number of building permits issued each month in a certain city.
f) Q: the weight of grain produced per acre.
2. An overseas shipment of 5 foreign automobiles contains 2 that have slight
paint blemishes. If an agency receives 3 of these automobiles at random, list
the elements of the sample space S, using the letters B and N for blemished
and nonblemished, respectively; then to each sample point assign a value x
of the random variable X representing the number of automobiles with paint
blemishes purchased by the agency.
3. Let W be a random variable giving the number of heads minus the number of
tails in three tosses of a coin. List the elements of the sample space S for the
three tosses of the coin and to each sample point assign a value w of W.

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