Punjab Institute of Management &

Technology
BTTM101 Tourism Concepts Status and Trends
Advances in Transportation Lecture 02

Rishab Kanwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism
Punjab Institute of Management & Technology
Mandigogindgarh, Alour, Khanna
 Transportation
The word 'transportation is derived from the Latin word 'transportare'
meaning carry across. This primarily carries goods and transfers people
from one place to another. Transportation enables the movement of
people or goods safely, economically, and timely from one location to
another.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 The History of Transportation
• Spanning from 4000 BC to the present day, the history of
transportation is a fascinating

• From learning to use animals for transport and the invention of the
wheel to the first roads, trains and aeroplanes, are some of the most
significant events in the history of transportation.

Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT

 Timeline of the History of
Transportation
From horses to the earliest invention of the wheel, to the first flight of
the space shuttle, transport has over a 6000-year history:

• 4000 BC - Horses and camels are domesticated and used for transport.
• 3500 BC - Fixed wheels on carts are invented.
• 3500 BC - River boats are invented.
• 2000 BC - First chariots are built.
• 312 BC - Paved roads are built by the Romans.
• 1044 AD -The compass was invented in China.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 Timeline of the History of
Transportation
• 1662 - First horse-drawn public bus was invented.
• 1783 - First hot air balloon launched.
• 1801 - First Steam 'road locomotive' was run.
• 1814 - First steam-powered railway train was built by George Stephenson.
• 1816 - The earliest bicycle was made.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 Timeline of the History of
Transportation
• 1900 - First successful airship was built by Ferdinand von Zeppelin.
• 1904 - Wright Brothers fly the first motor-driven aeroplane.
• 1908 - First Ford Cars manufactured.
• 1942 - V2 rocket travels 200 km.
• 1947 - First supersonic flight takes place.
• 1957 - First man-made satellite, Sputnik 1, launched into orbit.
• 1981- First flight of the space shuttle lifts off, 20 years after the first
manned space flight.

Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 Modes of Transport
The three modes of transport are:

 Land
 Air
 Water

Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT

 Major Events in Land Transport

4000 BC: The Domestication of Horses, Camels and Donkeys

• Around 4000 BC, humans learnt to domesticate animals and, use
them for transport and trade. Capable of travelling long distances
and carrying heavier loads, the use of animals made travel and
trade easier and more efficient, leading to trails and tracks in the
land. This was the first significant development in the history of
transport.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 Major Events in Land
Transport
3500 BC: The Invention of the Wheel
• First made from wood, the wheel was a simple but extremely
important invention in the history of transport. Invented in Iraq, the
wheel was used to create animal-drawn vehicles like horses and
carriages. The invention of the wheel allowed for the first-ever
vehicles of transport to be invented, like the chariot in 2000 BC,
allowing for longer travel and more developed trade.

Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 The First Roads

In Britain, it was the Romans who created the

very first road network over 2,000 years ago!
The Romans required roads to develop their
empire in Britain, and these same roads are still
used today.
However, the Romans were not the first to
invent roads. Roads in Mesopotamia (now
known as Iraq) have been discovered that date
back to around 4000 BC.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 Industrial Revolution: Cars,
Trains & Trams
• During the 18th and 19th centuries, there were significant
developments in transportation due to the Industrial Revolution.
Beginning in Britain, the Industrial Revolution saw the development of
advanced machinery and manufacturing that changed the way the
world produced and traded goods. Alongside these industrial
developments, more advanced modes of transport were also created
to cater to the developing world.
• During the Industrial Revolution, the first bicycle was made, the first
motorways were invented, and the first car was built.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 When was the Car Invented?

• The first car with a gas engine was made in 1886 by Carl Benz.

• Cars continued to develop around the world, and in 1908, the first Ford
cars were manufactured in America.

• Now, there are over 70 million cars produced across the globe that run
on petrol, battery and hydrogen.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 When was the Train
Invented?
Early forms of trains date back thousands of years. But, the first train
with a steam engine was invented in 1814. Initially, trains were used to
transport coal from mines. In the 1820s, the first modern trains were
built using steam locomotives, and trains became a common mode of
transport for many. Developed railway networks allowed people and
goods to travel and be transported at greater distances at a quicker
speed.

Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT

 Major Events in Water Transport

Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar Assistant Professor, PIMT

 Major Events in Water Transpo
4000 BC - 3500 BC: The First River Boats
• Archaeological discoveries lead us to believe the first riverboats
were invented in Ancient Egypt in 3500 BC. Ancient Egypt, Ancient
Sumer, the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia began using river boats,
which they made out of wood, around 4000 - 3000 BC to trade.
• These early riverboats continued to change and develop, with
later civilisations creating stronger boats that could tackle the
rougher seas and allow them to travel greater distances.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT

Major Events in Water Transport
The Industrial Revolution: Steamboats and Ships
• Large sailing ships and boats allowed people to travel the seas, but it
was during the Industrial Revolution that the first steamboats and
motor motor-powered ships were invented. The first steamboat was
built in 1807 in America.
• The invention of large steam-powered boats was a significant
development in the history of transportation as it allowed people to
travel and trade longer distances with greater ease. The first motor-
powered ship was invented in the early 1900s, these ships became
essential to trading around the globe.

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 Major Events in Air Transport

1783: The First Hot Air Balloon

• Using heated air, a large balloon and a large basket, the first hot air
balloon was invented in 1783 in Paris, France, and was the world's
first human flight technology.

Who Invented the Aeroplane?

• In 1902, the Wright Brothers invented the world's first controlled,
powered aircraft, named the Wright Flyer. The Wright Brothers'
invention is known as one of the most significant events in the history
of transportation.
Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM
 Major Events in Air
Transport
• Aircraft continued to develop, with World War II advancing the speed
of aircraft production. An essential part of military operations,
bomber aircraft, such as the Lancaster, was invented.

• After the war ended, people began developing commercial flights.

The first commercial flight and aeroplane were flown by De Havilland
Comet in 1952.

Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

 The History of Space Travel
In the mid-late 20th century, rockets were developed
that could overcome the force of gravity and travel out
of the Earth's atmosphere. In 1942, the V2 rocket
travelled 200 km. The invention of the rocket was the
significant first step in the history of space travel.

In 1956, the Soviet Union launched the world's first

artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into space. The first human
spaceflight took place in 1961 and was engineered by
the Soviet Union, with Yuri Gagarin becoming the first
human to orbit Earth.
Wednesday, April 2, 2025 Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT
 When was the First Moon
Landing?
• The first successful spaceflight to the Moon was made in 1969, with
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin being the first astronauts on the
Moon.

• Several spaceflights to the Moon took place between 1969 and 1972.
In the 1970s, satellites were used every day and international space
stations were established.

• Spacecrafts continued to develop, and in 1981, the first Space Shuttle

was launched.
Rishab Kanwarr, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM
 Web & Video References

Web Reference:

Link-1: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/79878/1/Unit-1.pdf
Link-2: https://www.twinkl.co.in/teaching-wiki/transportation

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

Any Query?

Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM

Thanks
Rishab Kanwar, Assistant Professor, PIMT 05:48:27 PM