MZCET/AI&DS/CS3591/IVSEM/COMPUTER

NETWORKS PRESENTATION
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VISION OF THE INSTITUTE

 To be the preferred choice of students who aspire

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to become Engineers of the highest calibre.

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MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE
 M1: Provide world-class physical and digital infrastructure
and learning environment.
 M2: Develop the competencies of students to make them
job-ready and entrepreneurs.
 M3: Facilitate mental, physical, emotional and spiritual
development of students and ensure their holistic
development.
 M4: Preserve the environment through the implementation
of eco-friendly and sustainable practices.
 M5: Serve the community through skill development and
other need-based services.
 M6: Establish sustainable partnerships with industries and
R&D laboratories for mutual benefit.

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VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

 To be a leading competency center in Artificial

Intelligence and Data Science, empowering students
with ground breaking knowledge, skills, and ethical
values to drive innovation and solve real-world
problems for the prosperity of society.

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MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT
• Encouraging innovation and critical thinking to
solve complex, real-world problems by delivering
cutting-edge curriculum.
• Building strong industry and academic
partnerships to enhance learning and career
opportunities.
• Promoting ethical practices and social
responsibility, ensuring that our graduates
contribute positively to society.

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE
 Graduates can:
 1. Leverage their expertise in foundational
sciences, mathematics, artificial intelligence,
data science, and statistics to develop systems
for managing and analyzing large-scale data.
 2. Think critically, continuously learn, and
collaborate effectively within a multidisciplinary
team while upholding strong ethical standards.
 3. Demonstrate innovative thinking and
creativity to impact economic development.
MZCET/AI&DS/CS3591/IVSEM/
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PROGRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
 Students should be able to:
• Develop AI-driven, domain-specific processes to
enhance decision-making across various fields,
including business and governance.
• Apply theoretical knowledge of AI, data analytics, and
practical industry tools and techniques to address and
solve complex societal challenges.
• Cultivate data analytics, visualisation skills, and
knowledge acquisition, representation, and engineering
expertise to coordinate complex projects effectively.

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UNIT TOPICS
 UNIT I - INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATION

 UNIT II - TRANSPORT LAYER

 UNIT III - NETWORK LAYER

 UNIT IV - ROUTING

 UNIT V -DATA LINK AND PHYSICAL LAYERS

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COURSE OBJECTIVE

 To understand the concept of layering in networks.

 To know the functions of protocols of each layer of TCP/IP

protocol suite.

 To visualize the end-to-end flow of information.

 To learn the functions of network layer and the various routing

protocols.

 To familiarize the functions and protocols of the Transport layer.

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COURSE OUTCOME
 CO 1: Explain the basic layers and its functions in
computer networks.

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MZCET/AI&DS/CS3591/IVSEM/COMPUTER
 CO 2: Understand the basics of how data flows from
one node to another.

 CO 3: Analyze routing algorithms.

 CO 4: Describe protocols for various functions in the

network.

 CO 5: Analyze the working of various application layer

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protocols.
PRE REQUISTING KNOWLEDGE
 Basic Computer Knowledge – Understanding of
computer components and operating systems.
 Programming Basics – Familiarity with C, Python, or

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Java and basic networking libraries.
 Fundamentals of Networking – Basic concepts of
LAN, WAN, IP addressing, and subnetting.
 Mathematics and Logic – Understanding of binary
numbers, Boolean logic, and probability.
 Operating System Basics – Knowledge of process
management and network commands.
 Introduction to Data Communication – Basics of
data transmission, bandwidth, and latency.
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CO – PO MAPPING

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND
APPLICATION LAYER

Data Communication - Networks – Network Types

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– Protocol Layering – TCP/IP Protocol suite – OSI
Model – Introduction to Sockets - Application
Layer protocols: HTTP – FTP – Email protocols
(SMTP - POP3 - IMAP - MIME) – DNS – SNMP

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UNIT II TRANSPORT LAYER

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Introduction - Transport-Layer Protocols: UDP –
TCP: Connection Management – Flow control -
Congestion Control - Congestion avoidance
(DECbit, RED) – SCTP – Quality of Service

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UNIT III NETWORK LAYER

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Switching : Packet Switching - Internet
protocol - IPV4 – IP Addressing – Subnetting -
IPV6, ARP, RARP, ICMP, DHCP

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UNIT IV ROUTING

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Routing and protocols: Unicast routing -
Distance Vector Routing - RIP - Link State
Routing – OSPF – Path-vector routing - BGP -
Multicast Routing: DVMRP – PIM.

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UNIT V DATA LINK AND PHYSICAL
LAYERS

Data Link Layer – Framing – Flow control – Error

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control – Data-Link Layer Protocols – HDLC – PPP
- Media Access Control – Ethernet Basics –
CSMA/CD – Virtual LAN – Wireless LAN (802.11) -
Physical Layer: Data and Signals - Performance –
Transmission media- Switching – Circuit
Switching.

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TODAY’S SESSION
 1.1 Data Communication
 1.2 Networks

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 1.3 Network Types
 1.4 Protocol Layering
 1.5 TCP/IP Protocol suite
 1.6 OSI Model
 1.7 Introduction to Sockets
 1.8 Application Layer protocols: HTTP
 1.9 FTP
 1.10 Email protocols (SMTP - POP3 - IMAP - MIME)
 1.11 DNS
 1.12 SNMP 18
1.1 DATA COMMUNICATION

 Data Communication refers to the exchange

of data between devices through a
transmission medium.
 It enables computers and other digital

devices to share information efficiently.

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1.1 CHARACTERISTICS

 1.Delivery – Data must be delivered to the correct

destination (device or user) accurately.

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 2.Accuracy – Data should be transmitted without
errors. Errors may occur due to interference, but error
detection and correction techniques help maintain
accuracy.
 3.Timeliness – Data should be delivered on time,
especially for real-time applications like video calls
and online gaming.
 4.Jitter – Variations in data packet arrival times should
be minimized to ensure smooth transmission,
especially in audio and video streaming.
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 MZCET/AI&DS/CS3591/IVSEM/
COMPUTER NETWORKS
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1.1 COMPONENTS
1.1 COMPONENTS
 A data communications system has five
components

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 Message
 Sender
 Receiver
 Transmission medium
 Protocol

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1.1 COMPONENTS
 1.Message: The message is the information (data) to be
communicated. Popular forms of information include text,
numbers, pictures, audio, and video.

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 2.Sender: The sender is the device that sends the data
message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset,
video camera, and so on.
 3. Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the
message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset,
television, and so on.
 4. Transmission medium: The transmission medium is the
physical path by which a message travels from sender to
receiver. Some examples of transmission media include twisted-
pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and radio waves.
 5. Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern data
communications. It represents an agreement between the
communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be 23
connected but not communicating.
1.1 DATA REPRESENTATION
 Text Text
 Represented using character encoding schemes
like ASCII (American Standard Code for Information

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Interchange) and Unicode.
 Example: The letter 'A' is represented in ASCII as
01000001 (binary).
 Numbers
 Represented in binary (0s and 1s) since computers
use digital signals.
 Common formats:
 Integer Representation (e.g., 1010 in binary = 10

in decimal).
 Floating-Point Representation (for decimal
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numbers, e.g., IEEE 754 format).
1.1 DATA REPRESENTATION
 Images
 Represented as a collection of pixels, each with a
color value.

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 Formats include BMP, JPEG, PNG, GIF.
 Uses color models like RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black).
 Audio
 Represented as a waveform converted into digital
form using sampling.
 Common formats: MP3, WAV, AAC.
 Uses techniques like Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).

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1.1 DATA REPRESENTATION
 Video
A sequence of images (frames) displayed rapidly

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to create motion.
 Represented in formats like MP4, AVI, MPEG.
 Uses compression techniques like H.264, H.265
to reduce file size.

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1.1 DATA FLOW

 Communication between two devices can be

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 Simplex
 Half-Duplex
 Full-Duplex

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1.1 SIMPLEX
 Data flows in one direction only
(unidirectional).

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 The sender transmits, and the receiver only

receives.
 Example:
 Television broadcasting (TV station sends signals,
but viewers cannot send data back).
 Radio transmission (radio stations broadcast, but
listeners cannot respond).

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1.1 HALF-DUPLEX
 Data flows in both directions, but one device
transmits at a time.

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 Devices take turns sending and receiving.

 Example:
 Walkie-talkies (one person speaks while the
other listens, then they switch roles).
 Two-way radio communication.

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1.1 FULL-DUPLEX
 Data flows simultaneously in both directions.
 Both sender and receiver can transmit data

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at the same time.
 Example:
 Telephone conversations (both people can speak
and listen at the same time).
 Internet communication (VoIP, video calls,
messaging apps like WhatsApp and Zoom).

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1.1 SUMMARY

 Definition: The exchange of data between devices

through a transmission medium.

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 Key Components: Sender, receiver, message,
transmission medium, and protocol.
 Characteristics: Delivery, accuracy, timeliness, jitter,
and security.
 Modes of Communication: Simplex, Half-Duplex,
and Full-Duplex.
 Importance: Enables real-time communication and
data sharing in various fields.

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1.1 QUESTIONS
 What are the key characteristics of data
communication?
 List and explain the main components of a data

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communication system.
 What are the different types of data representation in
communication systems?
 Explain the different types of data flow (Simplex, Half-
Duplex, Full-Duplex) with examples.
 Why is data representation important in
communication systems?

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REFERENCE

 "Data Communications and Networking" – Behrouz A.

Forouzan

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 Covers fundamentals, components, data flow, and data
representation in detail.
 "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" –
Kurose & Ross
 Provides a conceptual understanding of data communication and
network components.
 "Communication Networks: Fundamental Concepts
and Key Architectures" – Alberto Leon-Garcia & Indra
Widjaja
 Discusses data communication models and transmission techniques.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communication
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication/ 33
index.htm