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ECDIS

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Randy Cañete
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10 views59 pages

ECDIS

Uploaded by

Randy Cañete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ECDIS

ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS


by: RANDY L. CAÑETE
What is ECDIS?
 ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems) is a
digital navigation tool that replaces traditional paper charts.
 It integrates electronic navigational charts (ENCs) with real-time
data for safe and efficient maritime navigation.
 To provide mariners with an accurate, up-to-date, and interactive
navigational interface.
 To enhance situational awareness and reduce the risk of human
error.
What is ECDIS?
 Displays ship position, route, and surrounding environment in real time.
 Integrates with GPS, AIS, radar, and other onboard systems.
 Provides alarms and alerts for potential hazards (e.g., shallow waters,
collisions).
 Mandated by the IMO (International Maritime Organization) under
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) regulations for most commercial vessels.
 Ensures compliance with international maritime safety standards.
How Has ECDIS Transformed Traditional
Navigation Practices?
Digitalization of
Charts:
Replaced paper charts
with electronic
navigational charts
(ENCs).

Real-time updates and


corrections, eliminating
manual chart corrections.
Enhanced
Navigation
Accuracy:

Integration with GPS,


AIS, and radar for
precise positioning.

Automated route
planning and
monitoring.
Improved
Decision –
Making:
Real-time data overlay
(e.g., weather, tides, and
traffic).

Alarms and alerts for


potential hazards (e.g.,
shallow waters,
collisions).
Efficiency and
Sustainability:

Reduced reliance on
physical storage and
paper waste.

Streamlined workflows
for navigational
officers.
Key Benefits of ECDIS
Improved
Situational
Awareness:

Real-time display of
ship position, route, and
surrounding
environment.

Integration with AIS for


tracking nearby vessels.
Reduced Human
Error:

Automated alarms for


deviations, hazards,
and no-go zones.

Standardized symbols
and data
representation.
Enhanced Safety:

Early detection of
potential risks (e.g.,
grounding, collisions).

Compliance with SOLAS


(Safety of Life at Sea)
regulations.
Operational
Efficiency:

Faster route planning


and optimization.

Reduced
administrative burden
with digital record-
keeping.
Challenges in Transitioning
from Paper Charts to ECDIS
Training and
Familiarization:

Mariners require
extensive training to
operate ECDIS effectively.

Resistance to change
from traditional methods.
Technical Issues:

Dependence on
software reliability and
hardware
performance.

Risk of system failures


or cyberattacks.
Data Accuracy and
Updates:

Ensuring ENCs are up-


to-date and accurate.

Limited coverage of
high-quality ENCs in
some regions.
Regulatory
Compliance:
Meeting IMO
(International Maritime
Organization)
requirements.

Ensuring proper
documentation and
record-keeping.
Enhancing ECDIS for
Autonomous Shipping
Integration with AI
and Machine
Learning:

Predictive analytics for


route optimization and
hazard avoidance.

Real-time decision-
making support for
unmanned vessels.
Advanced Sensor
Integration:

Combining ECDIS with


LiDAR, drones, and
advanced radar systems.

Enhanced environmental
monitoring (e.g.,
weather, sea conditions).
Cybersecurity
Enhancements:
Protecting ECDIS from
hacking and data
breaches.

Ensuring secure
communication between
ships and shore-based
systems.
Standardization
and
Interoperability:
Developing global
standards for ECDIS in
autonomous shipping.

Ensuring compatibility
with other onboard
systems and shore-based
platforms.
Introduction to Automatic
Identification Systems (AIS)
What is AIS?
AIS (Automatic Identification
System) is an automated
tracking system used in
maritime navigation.

It transmits and receives vessel


information, such as identity,
position, speed, and course, to
other ships and coastal
authorities.
What is AIS?
To enhance maritime
safety by improving
situational awareness and
collision avoidance.

To support vessel traffic


management and
monitoring.
What is AIS?
Uses VHF radio signals to
exchange real-time data
between vessels and shore
stations.

Operates continuously and


autonomously, requiring no
input from the crew.
Types of AIS
Class A: Mandatory for
commercial vessels over
300 GT (Gross Tonnage).

Class B: Used by smaller


vessels, such as
recreational boats and
fishing vessels.
Benefits of AIS in Maritime
Operations
Collision
Avoidance:
Provides real-time
information on nearby
vessels, including their
speed, course, and closest
point of approach (CPA).

Helps mariners make


informed decisions to avoid
collisions.
Traffic Monitoring:

Enables coastal
authorities to monitor
and manage vessel
traffic in busy waterways.

Supports port operations


and harbor management.
Search and Rescue
(SAR):

Aids in locating vessels


in distress by providing
their last known
position.

Improves response times


during emergencies.
Environmental
Protection:
Helps track vessels
involved in illegal
activities, such as oil
spills or unauthorized
fishing.

Supports enforcement of
maritime regulations.
Challenges and Solution of AIS
Implementation
CHALLENGES
Data Overload:
In busy areas, the sheer
volume of AIS data can
overwhelm mariners and
operators.

Risk of missing critical


information due to
information overload.
Reliance on
Accuracy:
AIS data is only as
accurate as the input from
the transmitting vessel.

Errors in data entry or


system malfunctions can
lead to incorrect
information.
Limited Range:
AIS signals are limited by
VHF radio range (typically
20-30 nautical miles).

Satellite AIS (S-AIS) is


required for global
coverage but is more
expensive.
Cybersecurity
Risks:
AIS signals can be
spoofed or hacked,
leading to false
information.

Requires robust
cybersecurity measures
to ensure data integrity.
SOLUTIONS
Advanced Filtering:

Use AI and machine


learning to prioritize
critical AIS data.
Regular Training:

Ensure mariners
are trained to
interpret AIS data
correctly.
Satellite AIS (S-
AIS):

Expand coverage
globally for long-
range tracking.
Cybersecurity
Measures:

Implement
encryption and
authentication
protocols to protect
AIS data.
How Does AIS Contribute to Collision
Avoidance and Maritime Safety?
Real-Time Vessel
Tracking:
AIS provides real-time
information on the
position, speed, and
course of nearby vessels.

Helps mariners identify


potential collision risks
early.
Closest Point of
Approach (CPA)
and Time to CPA
(TCPA):
AIS calculates the closest
point of approach and the
time until it occurs.

Alerts mariners if a vessel


is on a collision course.
Enhanced
Situational
Awareness:
Displays vessel names,
types, and navigational
status (e.g., anchored,
underway).

Integrates with radar and


ECDIS for a comprehensive
view of the surroundings.
Regulatory
Compliance:
Mandatory for most
commercial vessels under
SOLAS regulations.

Ensures vessels are


visible to others, reducing
the risk of accidents.
AIS Beyond Safety: Tracking Cargo
and Environmental Compliance
Cargo Tracking:
AIS enables real-time
monitoring of cargo ships,
improving supply chain
visibility.

Helps logistics companies


optimize routes and
reduce delays.
Environmental
Compliance:
Monitors vessel emissions
and ensures compliance with
IMO regulations (e.g.,
MARPOL Annex VI).

Tracks vessels involved in


illegal activities, such as oil
spills or unauthorized
fishing.
Search and Rescue
(SAR):
Provides last-known
positions of vessels in
distress, improving SAR
response times.

Enhances coordination
between rescue teams
and nearby vessels.
Port Management:
Supports efficient port
operations by tracking
vessel arrivals and
departures.

Reduces congestion and


improves turnaround
times.
Voyage Data Recorders
A Voyage Data Recorder (VDR)
is a device similar to a black
box in an aircraft, used on
ships to record essential data
about a voyage. It continuously
collects and stores
navigational, operational, and
voice data, which can be used
for accident investigations,
safety improvements, and
performance monitoring.
Types of VDRs:

Standard VDR (S-VDR): A


simplified version mainly
for older ships, recording
fewer data parameters.
Full VDR: Required for
larger ships and records
extensive data for better
analysis.
Closest Point of
Approach (CPA)
and Time to CPA
(TCPA):
AIS calculates the closest
point of approach and the
time until it occurs.

Alerts mariners if a vessel


is on a collision course.
How Do VDRs
Support Accident
Investigation and
Regulatory
Compliance?
Accident
Investigation:
VDRs (Voyage Data Recorders)
continuously record critical
data, including:
• Ship position, speed, and heading.
• Bridge audio and radar images.
• Engine and navigation commands.

Provides an objective record of


events leading up to an
incident, aiding investigators in
determining causes.

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