Scribd
Upload
19 views10 pages

Introduction To Microcontrollers

Uploaded by

rakesha143rak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views10 pages

Introduction To Microcontrollers

Uploaded by

rakesha143rak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS

•Microcontrollers (MCUs) are small computing devices with a CPU,


memory, and peripherals.
•Used in embedded systems, IoT devices, robotics, automotive, and
industrial automation.
•Need to handle multiple tasks efficiently.
WHAT IS AN INTERRUPT?

•An interrupt is a signal that temporarily halts the execution of the main program.
•It allows the microcontroller to respond to external or internal events without continuous polling.
•After handling the interrupt, the MCU resumes normal operation.
WHY ARE INTERRUPTS NEEDED?

•Efficiency: Prevents continuous polling of inputs, reducing CPU workload.


•Faster Response: Immediate reaction to critical events like sensor triggers.
•Multitasking: Enables handling of multiple tasks concurrently.
•Power Saving: MCU can enter low-power modes and wake up on an interrupt
TYPES OF INTERRUPTS

•External Interrupts:
•Triggered by external events (button press, sensor input).
•Internal Interrupts:
•Generated by internal peripherals (timer overflow, ADC
conversion complete).
•Software Interrupts:
•Manually triggered by software instructions
INTERRUPT VS. POLLING

Power Consumption Low (sleeps when idle) High (active all the time)

Response Time Fast (immediate execution) Slower (depends on loop)

CPU Usage Efficient (only when needed) High (continuous checking)

Feature Interrupts Polling


HOW INTERRUPTS WORK

•Event Occurs: Hardware detects an interrupt signal.


•Program Execution Stops: MCU jumps to the
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR).
•ISR Executes: Handles the event (e.g., reading sensor
data).
•Program Resumes: Returns to the main program
execution
REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS

•Keypad & Button Presses: Reacts instantly to user input.


•Timers & Clocks: Triggers periodic tasks like blinking
LEDs.
•Sensor Monitoring: Detects temperature, motion, or
proximity changes.
•Communication Protocols: Handles UART, SPI, I2C
data reception efficientlY
CHALLENGES OF USING INTERRUPTS

•Interrupt Latency: Delay in executing the ISR.


•Priority Management: Multiple interrupts can occur
simultaneously.
•Race Conditions: Shared resources must be handled
carefully (use of volatile variables, disabling interrupts
when needed).
CONCLUSION

•Interrupts enhance microcontroller performance by reducing CPU workload and


improving responsiveness.
•Used in various applications like real-time monitoring, automation, and
communication.
•Proper implementation is key to avoiding conflicts and ensuring smooth operation.
THANK YOU

You might also like