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31 views11 pages

Title Slide

Uploaded by

rakesha143rak
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TITLE SLIDE

• TITLE: "RISC VS. CISC: A COMPARATIVE STUDY"


• SUBTITLE: "UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCES IN CPU ARCHITECTURES"
• YOUR NAME/INSTITUTION (OPTIONAL)
INTRODUCTION

• DEFINITION OF CPU ARCHITECTURE


• IMPORTANCE OF INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE (ISA)
• BRIEF OVERVIEW OF RISC AND CISC
• HISTORICAL CONTEXT: DEVELOPMENT OF RISC IN THE 1980S AS AN
ALTERNATIVE TO CISC
WHAT IS RISC?

• STANDS FOR "REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTING"


• USES SIMPLE, FIXED-LENGTH INSTRUCTIONS
• DESIGNED FOR SPEED AND EFFICIENCY
• INSTRUCTIONS EXECUTE IN A SINGLE CLOCK CYCLE
• REQUIRES MORE INSTRUCTIONS TO COMPLETE COMPLEX TASKS
• EXAMPLES: ARM, MIPS, POWERPC
WHAT IS CISC?

• STANDS FOR "COMPLEX INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTING"


• USES COMPLEX, VARIABLE-LENGTH INSTRUCTIONS
• DESIGNED FOR REDUCED MEMORY USE AND FLEXIBILITY
• INSTRUCTIONS MAY TAKE MULTIPLE CLOCK CYCLES
• SINGLE INSTRUCTION CAN PERFORM MULTI-STEP OPERATIONS
• EXAMPLES: X86 (INTEL, AMD), VAX
KEY DIFFERENCES

Feature RISC CISC


Instruction Complexity Simple Complex
Instruction Length Fixed Variable
Execution Speed Faster Slower (per instruction)
Memory Usage Higher (more instructions) Lower (fewer instructions)
Hardware Complexity Lower Higher
Power Consumption Lower Higher
Use of Registers More extensive Less extensive
ADVANTAGES OF RISC

• FASTER EXECUTION DUE TO PIPELINING


• SIMPLIFIED HARDWARE DESIGN
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY (SUITABLE FOR MOBILE DEVICES)
• LOWER MANUFACTURING COST
• HIGH SCALABILITY FOR MODERN COMPUTING NEEDS
ADVANTAGES OF CISC

• REQUIRES FEWER INSTRUCTIONS PER TASK


• EASIER FOR COMPLEX SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS
• OPTIMIZED MEMORY USAGE
• BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY WITH OLDER SYSTEMS
• BETTER SUITED FOR DESKTOP AND ENTERPRISE ENVIRONMENTS
APPLICATIONS OF RISC & CISC

• RISC: MOBILE DEVICES, EMBEDDED SYSTEMS, SUPERCOMPUTERS, IOT


(INTERNET OF THINGS)
• CISC: DESKTOP PCS, SERVERS, ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS, LEGACY
SYSTEMS
• INCREASING USE OF RISC IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING (E.G., APPLE’S
M1 CHIP)
FUTURE TRENDS

• INCREASING USE OF HYBRID ARCHITECTURES (E.G., ARM-BASED LAPTOPS)


• POWER EFFICIENCY DRIVING RISC ADOPTION
• CISC EVOLVING WITH IMPROVED INSTRUCTION OPTIMIZATIONS
• CUSTOM PROCESSOR DESIGNS BLENDING RISC & CISC (E.G., APPLE'S ARM
CHIPS WITH CISC-LIKE OPTIMIZATIONS)
• RISC GAINING DOMINANCE IN AI AND MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION

• RISC PRIORITIZES SPEED AND EFFICIENCY


• CISC FOCUSES ON FLEXIBILITY AND COMPLEXITY
• BOTH HAVE UNIQUE ADVANTAGES AND ARE USED IN DIFFERENT
APPLICATIONS
• FUTURE COMPUTING WILL LIKELY INTEGRATE BOTH ARCHITECTURES
• CONTINUOUS INNOVATION IS SHAPING THE EVOLUTION OF PROCESSOR
ARCHITECTURES
THANK
YOU

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