Unit 1 Overview - COA BTech IV B
Unit 1 Overview - COA BTech IV B
and Architecture
Unit 1 : Overview
Prepared by :
Prof. Khushbu Chauhan
Computer Engg. Dept.
MPSTME, NMIMS
Outlines
• Introduction
• General Organization and architecture
• Structural/functional view of a computer
• Computer Functional Components
Introduction
• A computer is an electronic device that used for storing, processing and retrieving the
information. It is an Electronic device which accept data from User and manipulates or
process it according to instruction which gives correct output. It can solve highly
complicated problems quickly and accurately.
• A computer is a complex system; contemporary computers contain millions of
elementary electronic components. How, then, can one clearly describe them? The key
is to recognize the hierarchical nature of most complex systems, including the
computer. A hierarchical system is a set of interrelated subsystems, each of the latter, in
turn, hierarchical in structure until we reach some lowest level of elementary
subsystem.
Introduction
• Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact
on the logical execution of a program. It is a design implementation for the
various parts of a computer. A term that is often used interchangeably with
computer architecture is instruction set architecture (ISA). The ISA defines
instruction formats, instruction opcodes, registers, instruction and data
memory; the effect of executed instructions on the registers and memory;
and an algorithm for controlling instruction execution.
Introduction
• Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections
that realize the architectural specifications. It deals with structural relationship.
Examples of architectural attributes include the instruction set, the number of
bits used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O
mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational attributes
include those hardware details transparent to the programmer, such as control
signals; interfaces between the computer and peripherals; and the memory
technology used.
Block Diagram of Computer
Computer Evolution
Structure and Function
• The hierarchical nature of complex systems is essential to both their design and their
description. The designer need only deal with a particular level of the system at a time.
At each level, the system consists of a set of components and their interrelationships.
The behavior at each level depends only on a simplified, abstracted characterization of
the system at the next lower level. At each level, the designer is concerned with
structure and function:
processors. When these processors all reside on a single chip, the term multicore
computer is used, and each processing unit (consisting of a control unit, ALU, registers,
• Central processing unit (CPU): That portion of a computer that fetches and executes
instructions. It consists of an ALU, a control unit, and registers. In a system with a single
• Similarly, operations on data may require access to more than just one
element at a time in a predetermined sequence. Thus, there must be a
place to store temporarily both instructions and data.
• PC (Program Counter)
• IR (Instruction Register)
• AC (Accumulator-Temporary Register)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PujjqfUhtNo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWRse5BMCvk
Discussion…
Thank You