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Electrostatic Problems

The document discusses electrostatics problems, focusing on Coulomb's Law and its application to calculate electric forces between charged objects. It provides examples involving the forces acting on charged balloons and the resultant forces from multiple charges using vector components. Additionally, it includes exercises to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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Bernard Maraon
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10 views16 pages

Electrostatic Problems

The document discusses electrostatics problems, focusing on Coulomb's Law and its application to calculate electric forces between charged objects. It provides examples involving the forces acting on charged balloons and the resultant forces from multiple charges using vector components. Additionally, it includes exercises to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

Bernard Maraon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Finding Solutions….

To electrostatics problems
Coulomb’s Law
 Quantifies the electric force between
two charges.
 1 Q aQb Q aQb
Fa b  2
ˆ
ra b k 2
ˆ
ra b
4 0 ra b ra b
where
 0 8.854 10  12 C2 / Nm
+ -
and
k 8.988 109 Nm2 / C2
NEWTON’S LAWS & ELECTRIC FORCE
(1) A 0.90-gram balloon with a charge of -75
nC is located a distance of 12 cm above a
plastic golf tube that has a charge of -83 nC.
What is the acceleration of the balloon
Ans: at this
5.5 m/s/s, down
instant?
(2)Two 1.1-gram balloons are suspended from
2.0-meter long strings and hung from the
ceiling. They are then rubbed ten times with
animal fur to impart an identical charge Q to
each balloon. The balloons repel each other
and each string is observedAns:
to make an angle
F = 0.00289N
of 15 degrees with the vertical.QDetermine
= -5.87 E -7the
C
electric force of repulsion and the charge on
each balloon (assumed to be identical).
Solutions:
1. Given: m= 9x10E-4 By FBD: Fe
• q1 = -75x10-9C

r /d = 0.12m

• q2 = -83x10-9C Fg

Fnet = Fe + Fg
Find first Fg and Fe: Fnet = -8.82x10-3 + 3.89x10-3

Fg = mg = (9x10-4 kg)(9.8m/s2 ) Fnet =( - )4.93x10-3 N down


Fg = 8.82x10-3 N down then use Newton’s Law to find a:

Fe = kq1q2 F = ma
r2 a = F___
Fe = 9x109Nm2/C2 (-75x10-9C)(-83x10-9C) m
(0.12m)2 a = 4.93x10-3 kgm/s2
Fe = 3.89x10-3 N, Up 9x10-4 kg
a = 5.5m/ s2
• 2.

FBD:
• Solutions:
ARRANGEMENT OF 3 OR MORE CHARGES

The electric force on a single charge is merely the result


of the combined affects of each individual charge
interaction of that charge with all other charges. If a
particular charge encounters two or more interactions,
then the net electric force is the vector sum of those
individual forces.
In this case, we are going to apply the addition of vectors using the component method. There two
forces acting to q3 and these are F23 (Force exerted by q1 on q3) and F13 (Force exerted by q1 on q3). We will
first find the components of these forces:
Components:
For F23:
F23x = -F23 (the sign is negative because q2 is attracting q3 to the left.
F23y = 0 (there is no vertical component)
For F13:
0 0
F13x = F13Cos 37 (F13 is adjacent to 37 and is positive because q1 is repelling towards the
first quadrant)
F13y = F13 Sin370 (F13 is opposite of 370 and is positive because q1 is repelling towards first
quadrant.
Next, we will find the sum of all forces along x and along y axes.

Σ Fnetx = -F23x + F13x


= -F23 + F13Cos 370
Σ Fnety = F23y + F13y
= 0 + F13 Sin370

Compute the net force using the Pythagorean Theorem.

Fnet3 = (Σ Fnetx)2 + (Σ Fnety)2 (the result is the net force acting at q1)

We can compute the direction using tangent function;


from x-axis reference
ϴ = arctan (Σ Fnetx / Σ Fnety), then follow the NSWE or cardinal
direction.

If it is from y-axis,
ϴ = arctan (Σ Fnety / Σ Fnetx), then follow the NSWE or cardinal
direction.
Solution
(a) Find the components of the force exerted by q2 on q3. Find the magnitude of F23 with
Coulomb’s law.
2
F23 = ke Iq2I Iq3I / r
= (8.99 x 109 N.m2/C2) (2.00 x10-9C)(5.00 x 10-9C)
(4.00 m)2
= 5.62 x 10-19 N

For the components, because F23 is horizontal and in the negative x-direction, the negative of the
magnitude gives the x-component, and y-component is zero.
F23x = -5.62 x 10-19N
F23y = 0
(a) Find the components of the force exerted by q1 on q3. Find the magnitude of F13.
F13 = ke Iq1I Iq3I /r2
= (8.99 x 109 N.m2/C2) (6.00 x 10-9 C)(5.00 x 10-9)
(5.00 m)2
F13 = 1.08 x 10-8 N
For components, use the given triangle of F13.
F13x = F13cosϴ = (1.08 x 10-8 N) cos36.90
= 8.64 x 10-9N

F13y = F13sinϴ = (1.08 x 10-8 N) sin 36.90


= 6.48 x 10-9 N

(C) Find the components of the resultant vector.


Sum the x-components to find the resultant Fx.
Fx = -5.62 x 10-19N + 8.64 x 10-9N
= 3.02 x 10-9 N
Sum the y-components to find the Fy.
Fy = 0 + 6.48 x 10-9 N
= 6.48 x 10-9 N

Find the magnitude of the resultant of the resultant force on the charge q 3 using Pythagorean
theorem.
F = (Fx)2 + (Fy)2

= 3.02 x 10-9 N + 6.48 x 10-9 N

= 7.15 x 10-9 N
Find the angle the resultant force makes with respect to the positive x-axis:

ϴ = tan-1(Fy/Fx) = tan-1 (6.48 x 10-9 N)/(3.02 x 10-9 N) = 65.00


Assignment

Imagine 3 charges, separated in an equilateral triangle as


shown above, with L = 2.0 cm, q = 1.0 nC. What is the
magnitude and direction of the force felt by the upper
charge?
Coulomb’s Law
 Quantifies the electric force between
two charges.
 1 Q aQ b Q aQ b
Fa b  2
ˆ
ra b k 2
ˆ
ra b
40 ra b ra b
where
 0 8.854 10  12 C2 / Nm
+ -
and
k 8.988 109 Nm2 / C2
Exercise

30°
120 cm

+ +

An object is suspended by a light thread. The object is


charged with a quantity Q2 0.075 C. A charge Q1 of 0.125
C is held fixed. What is the weight of the object?

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