Database Systems

School of Systems & Technology -

SST
Lecture 3 & 4 Dr. Arfan Arshad
 What we will learn in Unit-2

 What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

 Typical functions of a DBMS
 Major components of DBMS environment
 The database life cycle (DLC)
 Roles in the database environment
 History of databases / DBMS
 Advantages of DBMS
 Disadvantages of DBMS

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What is a Database
Management System?

• A database management system (DBMS) is

system software for creating and managing
databases.

• A DBMS makes it possible for end users to create,

protect, read, update and delete data in a
database.

• DBMS serves as an interface between databases

and users or application programs, ensuring that
data is consistently organized and remains easily
accessible.

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 Typical functions of DBMS

1. Data Definition: This involves defining the structure of the database, including creating, modifying,
and deleting schemas, tables, views, indexes, etc.

2. Data Manipulation: DBMS allows users to interact with the data stored in the database. Common
operations include inserting, updating, deleting, and querying data.

3. Data Retrieval: It enables users to retrieve specific information from the database using queries.
Queries can range from simple to complex, using SQL or other query languages supported by the DBMS.

4. Data Security: DBMS provides mechanisms to ensure the security and integrity of the data. This
includes user authentication, access control, encryption, and auditing.

5. Data Integrity: DBMS enforces data integrity constraints to maintain the accuracy and consistency of
data. This includes primary key constraints, foreign key constraints, unique constraints, etc.
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 Typical functions of DBMS

6. Concurrency Control: DBMS manages concurrent access to the database by multiple users or
applications to ensure data consistency and integrity.

7. Backup and Recovery: DBMS provides mechanisms for backing up data periodically and recovering
data in case of system failures, crashes, or other disasters.

8. Transaction Management: DBMS ensures the atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID
properties) of transactions. It supports transaction management through features like commit, rollback,
save points, and transaction logging.

9. Performance Tuning: DBMS includes tools and techniques for optimizing the performance of
database operations, such as query optimization, indexing, caching, and partitioning.

10.Replication and Distribution: Some DBMSs support replication and distribution of data across
multiple servers or locations for scalability, fault tolerance, and improved performance.
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Major components of DBMS environment

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Roles in the Database Environment

Database Administrator (DBA):

•Responsibilities:
• Installing, configuring, and upgrading DBMS software.
• Creating and managing user accounts and access permissions.
• Monitoring database performance and optimizing queries.
• Planning and implementing backup and recovery procedures.
• Ensuring data security and integrity.
• Designing and implementing database schemas and structures.
•Skills: Database administration, SQL proficiency, system administration,
data modeling, troubleshooting, security management. 8
Roles in the Database Environment

Database Developer:
•Responsibilities:
• Designing and implementing database schemas and structures based
on application requirements.
• Writing and optimizing SQL queries and stored procedures.
• Developing and maintaining database applications and interfaces.
• Collaborating with software developers to integrate databases with
applications.
• Performance tuning and optimization of database operations.
•Skills: SQL proficiency, database design, query optimization, programming 9

(e.g., Java, Python, .NET), problem-solving.

Roles in the Database Environment

Database Architect / Designer:

•Responsibilities:
• Designing the overall architecture and strategy for the organization's
databases.
• Evaluating and selecting appropriate database technologies and
tools.
• Defining data models and schemas to support business requirements.
• Ensuring scalability, performance, and security of the database
environment.
• Collaborating with other IT teams to integrate databases with other 10
Roles in the Database Environment

Data Analyst:
•Responsibilities:
• Extracting, transforming, and analyzing data from databases to support
decision-making.
• Creating reports, dashboards, and visualizations to present insights
from data.
• Identifying trends, patterns, and anomalies in data.
• Collaborating with business stakeholders to understand data
requirements.
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• Ensuring data quality and integrity.
Roles in the Database Environment

Application Developer:
•Responsibilities:
• Developing software applications that interact with databases.
• Integrating database functionality into applications.
• Writing and optimizing database queries and data access code.
• Ensuring data consistency and integrity within applications.
• Collaborating with database developers & administrators to optimize
application performance.
•Skills: Programming languages (e.g., Java, Python, .NET), database interaction
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APIs, SQL proficiency, software development methodologies.
Roles in the Database Environment

Data Steward:
•Responsibilities:
• Ensuring compliance with data governance policies and regulations.
• Managing metadata, data dictionaries, and data lineage.
• Establishing data quality standards and monitoring data quality.
• Collaborating with data owners and stakeholders to resolve data-
related issues.
• Providing guidance and training on data management best
practices.
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•Skills: Data governance, data quality management, metadata
Roles in the Database Environment

End Users:
•Responsibilities:
• Database end users are individuals or entities who interact with a
database system to retrieve, input, modify, or analyze data.
• They are the ultimate consumers of the information stored in the
database and may have varying levels of technical expertise and access
privileges.
• Common types: Casual Users, Operational Users, Technical Users, Executive
Users etc.
•Skills: Data entry, data manipulation, report generation, data retrieval, data 14
History of Databases / DBMS

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Advantages of DBMS

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Disadvantages of DBMS

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Thankyou
Any Queries?

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