Introduction to Railway
Bridges
C.M.Gupta.
Dean
IRICEN
1
Bridges
• A structure that is built over a river, road, or
railway to allow people and vehicles to
cross from one side to the other.
2
No. of Railway bridges
As on 01.04.21
Importan Major Minor Total
t
729 12493 142056 155278
Over IR network,
• 36,470 (23.4 per cent) are over 100 year
old
of which 6,680 bridges are over 140 year
old.
• 14,324 bridges are 81 to 100 year old,
• 15,637 bridges are 61 to 80 year old. 3
Railway Bridges
Masonry RCC/PSC Steel Composite
Arch
Steel Girder with RCC Deck
Hume Pipe Slab Box culvert I - Girder Box Girder
Plate girder Open web girder
Through Type Semi -Through Type Under Slung Type Through Type Semi -Through Type Under Slung Type
MAIN ELEMENT OF BRIDGES
1) Superstructure
– Track Structure
– Girder
– Bearing
2) Substructure
– Bed Block
– Training & Protective Works
– Pier/Abutment/Wing Wall
– Foundations
Monolithic Bridge like Pipe Culvert, Box Culvert
and Arch act like one unit.
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FOUNDATIONS
1. Open Foundation
2. Pile Foundation
3. Well Foundations
SUB STRUCTURE
1. Masonry
2. Concrete
3. RCC
4. Steel
CLASSIFICATION OF
BRIDGES
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1. ACCORDING TO SPAN OR OPENING
1) Minor Bridge
– Individual span < 12 m & Total Lineal Waterway< 18 m
2) Major Bridge
– Individual span ≥12 M or Total Lineal Waterway ≥ 18 M
3) Important Bridges –
– Total Lineal waterway 300 M OR
– Total Waterway 1000M2 OR
– Those classified as ‘IMPORTANT BY CE/CBE due to
their depth of W.Way, Extent of River Training Works &
Past History Maintenance Problem.
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2. ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
1)Track Bridge (for rail vehicle)
– Over water bodies i.e River/ Nallah /Canal
– Over Valley (viaduct)
– Over Railway (Fly-over)
– Over Road (RUB)
2) Road Bridge (For Road Vehicle)
– Over Railway (ROB)
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3) Rail cum Road Bridge
– Over river
4) Foot over Bridge (For pedestrian)
– Over Railway (On platform for public)
5) Pipe Line Bridge
- Over Railway
6) Aquaduct
- Canal or Nallah over Track
14
Road Over Bridge
Foot Over Bridge
3. ACCORDING TO MATERIAL OF
CONSTRUCTION OF SUPER STRUCTURE
1) Timber Bridge (obsolete)
2) Masonry Arch – Stone & Brick
– In lime Mortar & Cement Mortar respectively
3) Steel Bridge
– Riveted Fabrication
– Welded Fabrication
4) RCC Bridge
5) Pre-stressed Concrete Bridge
6) Composite (Steel & Concrete) Bridge 17
4. ACCORDING TO FORM OR TYPE
OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
1) Pipe Culvert
2) RCC Slab
3) Rail opening (Only on branch line)
4) Rail Cluster (Only on branch line)
5) RCC Box Culvert
6) Steel Plate Girder
7) Composite Girder
8) Steel Open Web Girder
9) Arch Bridge
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10) RCC/PSC ‘T” or “I” Beam Bridge
11) RCC/PSC Box Girder
12) Suspension Bridge
13) Cable Stayed Bridge
14) Bow String Bridge
15) Moveable Bridge
– Swing Bridge
– Bascule Bridge
– Lifting Bridge
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5. ACCORDING TO STRUCTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPER STRUCTURE
1) Simply supported
2) Continuous
3) Cantilever
4) Balanced Cantilever
5) Cable Stayed
6) Suspension
7) Rigid Frame.
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Arch Bridge
22
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Components of Arch
ELEMENTS OF AN
ARCH BRIDGE
ELEMENTS OF AN
ARCH BRIDGE
Bowstring Bridge
28
29
Cable Stayed Bridge
30
31
32
Suspension Bridge
33
Suspension Bridge
34
Suspension Bridge:
Forces
35
36
RIGID FRAME
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6. ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF
FLOOR SYSTEMS
1) Deck Type – (Track Structure on Top Flange or
Chord)
2) Through Type (Track structure Floor System
Connected to Bottom Chord Panel)
3) Semi Through Type (Track Structure Floor System
Connected to Web and no top Bracings).
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SEMI THROUGH TRUSS
39
THROUGH SEMI THROUGH
BRIDGE BRIDGE
DECK TYPE
BRIDGE
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PLATE GIRDER
42
PLATE GIRDER
ELEVATION
43
PLATE GIRDER
CROSS SECTION
MAIN GIRDER
END CROSS FRAME
BEARING
BED BLOCK
44
Plate Girder Bridge
45
Plate Girder Bridge
46
COMPOSITE GIRDER
Open Web Girder Bridges
Through Girder
Under
Slung
48
Open Web Girder
• Mostly open web type girders are used for track
bridges over valleys and large rivers on account of
economy in cost.
• This is achieved by using smaller sections than plate
girders and also fixing rail level as per site conditions
resulting less earth work .
• Open web girder on which track structure is provided
on the bottom of girder is called as through type girder.
• Open web girder on which track structure is provided
on the top of the Girder is called Underslung type
Girder.
• Presently steel used is conforming to IS: 2062 Grade
‘B0’ for rolled sections. 49
Through Girder Bridge
50
Under slung Girder Bridge
Open web girder on which track structure is provided on the top of the Girder
is called Underslung type Girder.
Latest drawing No. RDSO/B-17141 to 17155 is issued by RDSO for 25 tonne
axel loading welded type. 51
Under slung Girder Bridge
52
BOGIBEEL BRIDGE
53
Through girder bridge
54
Beam Bridge
55
56
PSC BOX GIRDER
58
PSC I GIRDER
60
RCC BOX
SEGMENT
61
RCC SLAB BRIDGE
62
MOVEABLE BRIDGES :
• Swing Bridge
• Bascule Bridge
• Lifting Bridge
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Bascule Bridges
64
65
Swing Bridges
66
Lifting bridges
67
7. ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SERVICE
1) Permanent
2) Temporary
– Restricted Head Girder (RH Girder)
– Calender-Hamilton Bridge
– Pontoon Bridge
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TEMPORATY BRIDGES
Type of girder Span
1. Rail Cluster 3660mm (12’)
2 RH Girder a) 1800mm
(Plate girder type, b) 7200mm (24’)
duplicate girders) c) 9680mm(31’-9”)
d) 13200mm (44”)
e) 16400mm (53’-6”)
f) 26480mm (87”)
3. Calendar Hamilton a) 24400mm (80’)
Girder(open web b) 30500mm (100’)
through type) c) 45700mm (150’)
d) 61000mm (200’)
4. Standard Span a) 12200mm (40’)
(Plate girders) b) 18300mm (60’)
c) 24400mm (80’)
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RH Girders – Salient Features
• Single Leaf girders
• Sleepers provided on top.
• Welded girders, welded intermediate
stiffeners
• Bracing/ cross frames with turned bolts
• Designed for 0.6 million cycles of loading as
per SBC
71
Pontoon Bridges
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8. ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONNECTION
(STEEL GIRDER)
1) Riveted
2) Welded
3) Bolted
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9. ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF DECKING
WITH REFERENCE TO HFL
1) High Level bridge
2) Causeway or Irish Bridge
3) Siphon Bridge
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10. ACCORDING TO RAILWAY
GAUGE
1) Broad Gauge (BG – 1676 MM)
2) Metre Gauge (MG – 1000 MM)
3) Narrow Gauge (NG – 762 MM)
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11. ACCORDING TO LOADING
Broad Gauge
– DFC
– 25 T
– MBG – 1987 (Modified Broad Gauge)
– RBG – 1975 (Revised Broad Gauge)
– BGML (Main Line)
– BGBL (Branch Line)
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Scherzer Span – Pamban Bridge 77
PAMBAN BRIDGE
Pamban Bridge is connecting
Mandapam and Rameswaram INDIA
stations in Tamilnadu.
It is situated in Madurai
PAMBAN BRIDGE
division of Southern Railway.
This bridge was opened on 24th
February, 1914.
Scherzer Rolling Lifting ADAM’s BRIDGE
Bascule Bridge- patented by
SRI LANKA
William Scherzer in 1893 and
hence this span is named
Scherzer span.
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n k s
T h a
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