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Chinmayee

The document introduces biodiversity, defining it as the variation of life at all biological levels and highlighting its types: genetic, species, and ecological diversity. It discusses examples of species diversity in different ecosystems and emphasizes the importance of biodiversity in providing resources, oxygen, and ecological balance. Additionally, it notes the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity, with tropical regions exhibiting the highest diversity due to various environmental factors.

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9 views15 pages

Chinmayee

The document introduces biodiversity, defining it as the variation of life at all biological levels and highlighting its types: genetic, species, and ecological diversity. It discusses examples of species diversity in different ecosystems and emphasizes the importance of biodiversity in providing resources, oxygen, and ecological balance. Additionally, it notes the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity, with tropical regions exhibiting the highest diversity due to various environmental factors.

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khaleqalimp
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BIODIVERSITY,

AN INTRODUCTION
BY
CHINMAYEE PALLELRA
B.Sc. (MZC)-IV Semester,
MVS GOVT.ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
MAHABUBNAGAR
BIODIVERSITY - DEFINITION
• Biodiversity is the variation of Life at all the
levels of biological organization.
• Edwards Wilson, a socio-biologist
popularized the term “Biodiversity”
The variation of Life

• ANTS – 20,000 Species


• Beetles-3,00,000 Species
• Fishes – 28,000 Species
• Orchids-20,000 Species
BIODIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY

• 1. GENETIC DIVERSITY
• 2. SPECIES DIVERSITY
• 3. ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY
GENETIC DIVERSITY
• IT IS THE DIVERSITY OF GENES WITHIN THE
SPECIES.
• INDIVIDUALS OF A SPECIES SHOW VARIATIONS
• Ex 1:- Rauwolfia vomitoria (sarpa gandhi)
individuals show different potencies of drug
i.e., Reserpine, extracted from its roots.
• Ex 2:- Mangoes collected from different plants
of same species give different taste.
SPECIES DIVERSITY
• It is defined as “the number of species
inhabiting per unit area/volume.
• Ex :- Amphibians in Western Ghats are
• Ceacilians, Newts, Salamanders, Frogs and
Toads
• In Eastern Ghats only Frogs and Toads are
representing the Amphibians.
• Hence Amphibian Diversity is more in Western
Ghats than Eastern Ghats
ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
• It is the diversity at a higher level of biological
organization, i.e., at Ecosystem level.
• It is of three types
• 1.Alpha Diversity:- Within one Ecosystem.
• 2. Beta Diversity:- Between two adjacent
Ecosystems.
• 3. Gamma Diversity:- Overall diversity for all
ecosystems in a large area called Eco Region or
Biome
Endemic Species
• The species confined to a particular area over
long periods and evolved with unique
features.
• Ex :- Kangaroo in Australia. Rhinoceros
unicornis in Assam.Elephants in South Africa
and South East Asia etc,.
.
LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN DIVERSITY
• TROPICAL REGION:- Amazon rain forest in South
America has the greatest biodiversity on Earth.
• Biodiversity gradually decreases towards poles
from Equator (Tropical) region.
• Reasons:- 1. Undisturbed area.
2. More Solar radiation for plants.
3. More rain.
4. Constant Climate.
5. Niche Specialization.
ROLE OF BIODIVERSITY
• 1. Food, Fibre, Fire wood,
Medicines(Vinblastin ,Vincristin, Digitalin)
• Rubber, Timber etc,.
• 2.Supply of Oxygen & Removal of Carbondioxide.
Amazon provides 20% of Oxygen to the world.
• 3. Pollination by insects
• 4. Every Species has its own INTRINSIC VALUE.
• We cannot fix a Price tag to the benefit caused by
the Biodiversity to MANKIND
THANK YOU
.

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