Microsoft SQL Server
Administration for SAP
SQL Server Architecture
Overview
SQL Server Architecture
SQL Server with SAP
Performance Monitoring and Tuning
Administration and Troubleshooting
Database Backup and Restore
2
Database Server
Results
Results
Transact-SQL
Transact-SQL
Application
Application
Client SQL Server
Relational Database
Management System
3
SQL Server Service
4
Client / Server
Client Server
Application
Application SQL
SQLServer
Server
Open
OpenData
Data
Database
DatabaseInterface
Interface Services
Services
Network
NetworkLibrary
Library Network
NetworkLibrary
Library
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
5
SQL Server Client Network
Utility
6
SQL Server Network Utility
7
SQL Server Client Tools
SQL Enterprise Manager
SQL Query Analyzer
Service Manager
Server & Client Network Utility
Performance Monitor
SQL Profiler
Index Tuning Wizard
Data Transformation Services
8
Configuring SQL Enterprise
Manager
9
Threads and Fibers
SQL Server process maintains pool
of threads to process client requests
SQL Server can also be configured
to use lightweight pooling(fibers)
max worker threads
10
Databases
System Databases
master
model tempdb msdb distribution
pubs northwind VIE
User Databases
11
Database Files
Database
Data
Data(file)
(file) Log
Log(file)
(file)
.mdf
.mdf or
or .ndf
.ndf .ldf
.ldf
Tables, Indexes Extent
(8 contiguous
8-KB pages)
Data Page (8 KB)
Max row size = 8092 bytes
12
Data Files
Filegroups
Data & log files autogrow
Proportional fill
Pages and Extents
GAM
SGAM
PFS
IAM
In row text
13
Storage Engine
Data Cache & Proc cache
Cache hit ratio / free buffers
Transaction log
Lazy Writer
Lock Manager
Log Writer
Checkpoint / log truncation
Background task
14
Hardware Configuration
Balance and push the bottleneck to
expensive component
CPU and L2 cache
Memory
Hard and Soft Paging
System Area Networks
Support of SAN Network Interfaces
cLan from GigaNet
Servernet II from Compaq
20% perf gain 15
I/O components - Disks
How fast is a disk?
Depends on the type of I/O workload
SQL Server reads 8K random
(page reads)
Singleton (or few) select/update/insert
Lazy writer
Checkpoint processing
SQL Server reads 64K
sequential (extent reads)
Table and index scans
Backup, index creation, DBCC, etc… 16
I/O components - Disks
Max throughput ~10 MB/sec
Max sequential transfers/sec ~150
Max random transfers/sec ~100
OLTP constrained by transfers/sec
DSS constrained by MB/sec
I/O sec 8K 64K
Realistic transfer rates:
Sequential I/O 150 1.2 MB/sec 9.4 MB/sec
Random I/O 100 0.8 MB /sec 6.3 MB/sec
17
Hardware Configuration
Disk
Raid 0, 10, 5
Pagefile, tempdb, log and data files
location
h/w bandwidth limitations
Disk queue length
Write caching controllers
Latch wait time
18
Row Identifiers
Base table organizations
Fixed Row Identifier (RID)
Rows identified by RID
Fixed RID (8 bytes consisting of File#,
Page#, Slot#)
RIDs do not change unless
a row is deleted and
reinserted elsewhere
RIDs can be reused once
the transaction that deletes
a row commits
RIDs used as lock resource
19
Row Identifiers
Base table organizations
Clustered index
Clustered index
Rows identified by
unique clustering key
Clustering key used
as lock resource
20
Secondary Indexes
Secondary indices
Secondary index
Index terms consist
of key, “locator”
pairs
Locators are stable
Key “Locator”
with respect to base
table organization
Points to either (unlike 6.X)
Locator may be
either RID (Fixed
RID) or clustering
key (clustered index)
Unique key/locator
pair used as lock
resource
21
Index Changes
Secondary index lookup on key “Adams”
Adams
6
Adams 6 Lewis 1 Smith 11
1 Lewis Dan ... 6 Adams Kim ... 11 Smith Ken
Clustering index data
Key
Locator (clustering Key)
22
Index on Views
Create View with SCHEMABINDING
Create Unique Clustered Index on
View
All Nonclustered Indexes are
dropped if Clustered Index is
dropped
Indexed Views are maintained
automatically
SET Options
EXPAND VIEWS and NOEXPAND 23
Referring to SQL Server
Objects
Fully Qualified Names
Partially Specified Names
Server defaults to local server
Database defaults to current database
Owner defaults to the user name in the
database
pubs.dbo.authors
24
System Tables
Store Information (Metadata) About
the System and Database Objects
Database Catalog Stores Metadata
About a Specific Database
System Catalog Stores Metadata
About the Entire System and All
Other Databases
25
Metadata Retrieval
System Stored Procedures
sp_help authors
System Functions
select getdate()
Information Schema Views
select * FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
26
Common System Procedures
and System Tables
System stored procedures
sp_help, sp_helpindex
sp_helpdb, sp_helpfile/filegroup
sp_who, sp_lock
sp_depends, sp_recompile
sp_readerrorlog
System tables
sysobjects, sysindexes, sysprocesses
System functions
Object_name/id, index_col 27
Login Authentication,
Database User Accounts
SQL
SQLServer
ServerAssigns
AssignsLogins
Logins
Windows Windows
WindowsNT NT to
toUser
UserAccounts
Accountsand
andRoles
Roles
WindowsNT
NT
Group Verifies
VerifiesPassword
Password
GroupUser
User
Windows
WindowsNT
NT
Database
Database
User
UserAccount
Account
SQL
SQL
SQLServer
Server
SQL
SQLServer
Server SQL Server
Login
LoginAccount
Account Verifies Password
Database
DatabaseRole
Role
28
29
Server Properties
30
Server Properties
31
Database Properties
32
Installing SQL Server
Installation Path
Character Set and Sort Order
Collations
Network Support
SQL Server Service Account
Licensing Mode
Instance Name
SQL Server 2000 only
Only Clients needs to be installed on
Application Server 33
Lab work
Install SQL Server
Start and Stop SQL Server Service
Register your server with SQL
Enterprise Manager
Search a Topic in Books Online
Online help for Create Table
Create a Table with Clustered Index
Check at the Server and Database
Properties
34
Summary
Write a summary for this module
35
