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Lecture - Image Enhancement (Frequency Domain)

The document discusses frequency-domain filtering techniques for image enhancement, including the computation of Fourier Transform and the application of various lowpass filters such as Ideal, Butterworth, and Gaussian filters. It also covers highpass filters and introduces homomorphic filtering, which separates illumination and reflectance components of an image to enhance high-frequency details. The document provides mathematical formulations and examples for each filtering method.

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6 views14 pages

Lecture - Image Enhancement (Frequency Domain)

The document discusses frequency-domain filtering techniques for image enhancement, including the computation of Fourier Transform and the application of various lowpass filters such as Ideal, Butterworth, and Gaussian filters. It also covers highpass filters and introduces homomorphic filtering, which separates illumination and reflectance components of an image to enhance high-frequency details. The document provides mathematical formulations and examples for each filtering method.

Uploaded by

priyanka verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 4780

Image Enhancement (Frequency Domain)


Frequency-Domain Filtering
 Compute the Fourier Transform of the image
 Multiply the result by filter transfer function
 Take the inverse transform

Bahadir K. Gunturk 2
Frequency-Domain Filtering

Bahadir K. Gunturk 3
Frequency-Domain Filtering
 Ideal Lowpass Filters
Non-separable >> [f1,f2] = freqspace(256,'meshgrid');
>> H = zeros(256,256); d = sqrt(f1.^2 + f2.^2) < 0.5;
>> H(d) = 1;

1, for u 2  v 2 D0 >> figure; imshow(H);
H (u , v) 
0, otherwise

Separable
>> [f1,f2] = freqspace(256,'meshgrid');
1, for u Du and v Dv >> H = zeros(256,256); d = abs(f1)<0.5 & abs(f2)<0.5;
H (u , v)  >> H(d) = 1;

0, otherwise
>> figure; imshow(H);

Bahadir K. Gunturk 4
Frequency-Domain Filtering
 Butterworth Lowpass Filter

1
H (u , v)  2n
 2 2
1  u  v D0  As order increases the
 
frequency response
approaches ideal LPF

Bahadir K. Gunturk 5
Frequency-Domain Filtering
 Butterworth Lowpass Filter

Approach to a sinc function.

Bahadir K. Gunturk 6
Frequency-Domain Filtering
 Gaussian Lowpass Filter

u 2 v 2

D0
H (u , v) e

Bahadir K. Gunturk 7
Frequency-Domain Filtering
Ideal LPF Butterworth LPF Gaussian LPF

Bahadir K. Gunturk 8
Example

Bahadir K. Gunturk 9
Highpass Filters

0, for u 2  v 2 D0
H (u , v) 
1, otherwise

1
H (u , v)   2n
 2 2
1  u  v D0 
 

u 2 v 2

D0
H (u , v) 1  e

Bahadir K. Gunturk 10
Example

Bahadir K. Gunturk 11
Homomorphic Filtering
 Consider the illumination and reflectance components of
an image f ( x, y ) i ( x, y ) * r ( x, y )

Illumination Reflectance

 Take the ln of the image


ln  f ( x, y )  ln  i ( x, y )   ln  r ( x, y ) 

 In the frequency domain


F (u , v) Fi (u , v)  Fr (u , v)

Bahadir K. Gunturk 12
Homomorphic Filtering
 The illumination component of an image shows slow
spatial variations.
 The reflectance component varies abruptly.
 Therefore, we can treat these components somewhat
separately in the frequency domain.

With this filter, low-frequency components are attenuated, high-frequency


components are emphasized.

Bahadir K. Gunturk 13
Homomorphic Filtering

L 0.5
H 2.0

Bahadir K. Gunturk 14

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