Week 6

Basic OOP Concept

CCPRGG2L – Intermediate Programming
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of lesson students should be able to:
• Understand classes and objects in programming.
• Know inheritance and Polymorphism.
• Apply basic OOP concept in program, which will enable you
to develop GUI and large-scale software systems effectively.
Objects and Classes
Defining Classes for Objects
Object-oriented programming (OOP) involves programming
using objects. An object represents an entity in the real world
that can be distinctly identified. For example, a student, a
desk, a circle, a button, and even a loan can all be viewed as
objects.
Objects and Classes
Defining Classes for Objects
An object has a unique identity, state, and behavior.
• The state of an object (also known as its properties or attributes) is represented
by data fields with their current values. A circle object, for example, has a data
field radius, which is the property that characterizes a circle. A rectangle object
has data fields width and height, which are the properties that characterize a
rectangle.
• The behavior of an object (also known as its actions) is defined by methods. To
invoke a method on an object is to ask the object to perform an action. For
example, you may define a method named getArea() for circle objects. A circle
object may invoke getArea() to return its area.
Objects and Classes
Defining Classes for Objects
• A class is a template, blueprint, or contract that defines what an
object’s data fields and methods will be.
• An object is an instance of a class. You can create many instances
of a class.
• Creating an instance is referred to as instantiation. The terms
object and instance are often interchangeable.
Objects and Classes
Displaying GUI Components
• Graphical user interface (GUI) components
are good examples for teaching OOP.
• When you develop programs to create
graphical user interfaces, you will use Java
classes such as JFrame, JButton,
JRadioButton, JComboBox, and JList to
create frames, buttons, radio buttons, combo
boxes, lists, and so on.
Objects and Classes
Displaying GUI Components
Objects and Classes
Displaying GUI Components

You can add graphical user

interface components, such as
buttons, labels, text fields, check
boxes, and combo boxes to the
window. The components are
defined using classes.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental OOP concepts. The other three are
inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code
acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the
variables of a class will be hidden from other classes and can be accessed only
through the methods of their current class. Therefore, it is also known as data
hiding.
Encapsulation
To achieve encapsulation in Java:
• Declare the variables of a class as
private.
• Provide public setter and getter
methods to modify and view the
variables values.
Encapsulation
To achieve encapsulation in Java:
• Declare the variables of a class as
private.
• Provide public setter and getter
methods to modify and view the
variables values.
Inheritance
• Inheritance can be defined as the process where one class acquires
the properties (methods and fields) of another. With the use of
inheritance the information is made manageable in a hierarchical
order.
• The class which inherits the properties of other is known as subclass
(derived class, child class) and the class whose properties are
inherited is known as superclass (base class, parent class).
Inheritance
• extends is the keyword
used to inherit the
properties of a class.
Following is the syntax of
extends keyword.
Abstraction
• Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation
details from the user, only the functionality will be
provided to the user. In other words, the user will have
the information on what the object does instead of how
it does it. In Java programming, abstraction is achieved
using Abstract classes and interfaces.
Abstraction
A Java class which contains the abstract keyword
in its declaration is known as abstract class.
• Java abstract classes may or may not contain abstract methods,
i.e., methods without body ( public void get(); )
• But, if a class has at least one abstract method, then the
class must be declared abstract.
• If a class is declared abstract, it cannot be instantiated.
• To use an abstract class, you have to inherit it from another
class, provide implementations to the abstract methods in it.
• If you inherit an abstract class, you have to provide
implementations to all the abstract methods in it.
Abstraction
Polymorphism
• Polymorphism means "many forms",
and it occurs when we have many
classes that are related to each other by
inheritance.
• Inheritance lets us inherit attributes and
methods from another class.
• Polymorphism uses those methods to
perform different tasks. This allows us to
perform a single action in different ways.