Lesson 1

Mathematics as a
Science of Patterns
and Relationships
WHAT IS A PATTERN?

- An arrangement which helps

observers anticipate what they
might see or what happened next.

- Organizes information for it to

become more useful.
WHAT IS A PATTERN?
Mathematics is a study of patterns. That is one reason
why those who use patterns to analyze and solve problems
often find success compared those who cannot. Studying
patterns allows one to observe, hypothesize, discover, and
create. Mathematics has become a diverse discipline that deals
with data, measurements, and observations from science and
works with models of natural phenomena, human behavior, and
social systems. It reveals patterns that help individuals better
understand the world and predict what comes nest, imagine
what came before, and estimate if the same pattern will occur
when variables are changed.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
Examples of Patterns
a.LOGIC PATTERNS
Logic patterns are usually the first to be observed.
Classifying things, for example, comes before numeration.
Being able to tell which things are blocks and which are not
precedes learning to count blocks. One kind of logic pattern
deals with the characteristics of various objects while another
deals with order. These patterns are seen on aptitude tests in
which takers are shown a sequence of pictures and asked to
select which figure comes next among several choices.
Examples of Patterns
a.LOGIC PATTERNS
Illustration 1:

A B C D E
Solution
E. All triangles “move” slightly counter-clockwise and outside. A good solving tip would
be to try and disassemble the complete figure to its elements (triangles) and to focus
each time on one of the elements.
Examples of Patterns
a.LOGIC PATTERNS
Illustration 2:

Solution
D. Note that the small diamond is dotted every second step whereas large diamond
and square change their colors from black to white, from white to grey and from grey back
to black.
Examples of Patterns
a.LOGIC PATTERNS
Illustration 3:

A B C D
Solution E
B. An X shape is dotted with black and white dots. Both sets of dots are independent and follow a similar
pattern. In each frame, a black dot is added counter-clockwise in the angles of the X shape, until all the angles are
occupied. Then a dot is reduced, also counter-clockwise. The same pattern occurs with the white dots, only in a clockwise
manner. Examining the changes before and after, the “question mark” figure should look the same as in frame 2, only
with an additional black dot (making all four black dots present) and an additional white dot in the upper right corner, as
determined by the pattern.
Examples of Patterns
b. NUMBER PATTERNS
Another class of patterns is the pattern of numbers.
Number patterns, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, are familiar to students
since they are among the first patterns encountered in school.
Mathematics is especially useful when it helps predict events.
“What will the 10th number of a certain pattern be?” “How many
cookies would be needed if the party was for the school instead
of just for the class?” Moving on into the higher grades,
students again encounter number patterns through the concept
of functions, which is a formal description of the relationships
among different quantities.
Examples of Patterns
b. NUMBER PATTERNS
Illustration 1:

What number comes next in 1, 3, 5, 7,

9, ___?
Solution:
Looking at the given numbers, the sequence is
increasing, with each term being two more than the
previous term: 3=1+2; 5=3+2; 7=5+2; 9=7+2. Therefore,
the next term should be 9+2=11.
Examples of Patterns
b. NUMBER PATTERNS
Illustration 2:

What number comes next in 1, 4, 9, 16,

25, ___?
Solution:
Each term is the squared of its original number:
12=1; 22=4; 32=9; 42=16; 52=25. Therefore, the next
term should be 62=36.
Examples of Patterns
b. NUMBER PATTERNS
Illustration 3:
What number comes next in 11, 17, 23, 29, 35,
41,____,
Solution:____?
In this pattern, we see that every term in the sequence has
grown or increased by 6 or the difference between any two consecutive
numbers is 6. So, we can get the next term by adding 6 to the previous term.
Examples of Patterns
c. Geometric Patterns
A geometric pattern is a motif or design that depicts
abstract shapes like lines, polygons, and circles, and typically
repeats like a wallpaper. Visual patterns are observed in nature
and in art. In art, patterns present objects in a consistent,
regular manner. They appear in paintings, drawings, tapestries,
wallpapers, tilings, and carpets. A pattern does not need to
repeat exactly as long as it provides a way of “organizing” the
artwork. Patterns in nature are often more chaotic. Nature
provides many examples of patterns, including symmetries,
spirals, tilings, stripes, and fractional dimensions.
Examples of Patterns
c. Geometric Patterns
Illustration 1:

What is the next figure?

Solution:
In the second figure, we can see that there is an
additional three box fixed in a row which formed as its base. In
the third one, there is an additional three boxes forming one row
as its new base. Therefore, we can say that the next figure would
Examples of Patterns
c. Geometric Patterns
Illustration 2:

What is the next figure?

Solution:
Look on the figures, you can notice that the lines
inside the boxes are the mirror of each other. Therefore,
the next figure would be…
Examples of Patterns

d. WORD PATTERNS
Patterns can also be found in language like the
morphological rules on pluralizing nouns or
conjugating verbs for tense, as well as the metrical
rules of poetry. Each of these examples supports
mathematical and natural language understanding.
The focus here is patterns in form and in syntax, which
lead directly to the study of language in general and
digital communication in particular.
Examples of Patterns

d. WORD PATTERNS
Illustration:

knife:
knives

life: lives

wife: ?
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND T
WORLD
SYMMETRY
Symmetry is a sense of harmonious and beautiful
proportion of balance or an object is invariant to any of
various transformations (reflection, rotation or scaling).
There are two main types of symmetry, bilateral and
radial.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND T
WORLD
BILATERAL SYMMETRY
It is a symmetry in which the left and right sides of the
organism can be divided into approximately mirror
image
of each other along the midline.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND T
WORLD
RADIAL SYMMETRY
It is also known as rotational symmetry. It is a type of
symmetry around a fixed point known as the center and
it can be classified as either cyclic or dihedral.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND T
WORLD
FRACTALS
Fractal is a curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the
same statistical character as the whole. Fractal is one of the
newest and most exciting branches of mathematics. It is a class
of highly irregular shapes that are related to continents,
coastlines, and snowflakes.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND T
WORLD
SPIRALS
A logarithmic spiral or growth spiral is self-similar spiral curve
which often appears nature. It was first described by Rene
Descartes and was later investigated by Jacob Bernoulli.
QUIZ 1
Analyze the following patterns, shapes, or series and
identify what are the next terms/figures.

1. What is the missing number in each of these

sequences?
a. ___, 17, 15, 13
b. 8, 11, ___, 17
2.

3. ?

4. Find the values of the last two numbers in the sequence 448,
224, 112, 56, 28, ___, ___.

5. Find the values of the last two numbers in the sequence 25, 50,
75, 100, 125, ___, ___.
PROJECT
NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY:
*The rubrics will be sent online for reference.
#MATH111PatternsAndRegularities

Submission: August 20, 2024

 THANK YOU!
SEE YOU IN THE NEXT
LESSON 