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Lecture 3.docx Presentation

This document provides an overview of the differences and interactions between hardware and software, essential components of computing devices. It defines hardware as the physical components like CPUs and monitors, while software refers to the intangible programs that instruct hardware on operations. The lecture aims to enhance understanding of their interdependence through real-world examples and activities.

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Dustin Labsan
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2 views16 pages

Lecture 3.docx Presentation

This document provides an overview of the differences and interactions between hardware and software, essential components of computing devices. It defines hardware as the physical components like CPUs and monitors, while software refers to the intangible programs that instruct hardware on operations. The lecture aims to enhance understanding of their interdependence through real-world examples and activities.

Uploaded by

Dustin Labsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hardware vs.

Software
Understanding Hardware and Software
Welcome to today's lecture on Hardware vs. Software—the two
essential components that make computers and digital devices function.
Have you ever wondered what makes your laptop, smartphone, or
gaming console work? When you open an app, play a video game, or
browse the internet, a complex interaction happens between the
physical components (hardware) and the coded instructions (software)
that drive them.
Hardware includes the tangible components like the CPU, RAM, hard
drive, keyboard, and monitor—all the physical parts you can touch.
Software consists of the intangible programs and instructions like
Windows, iOS, mobile apps, and games, which tell the hardware what
to do and how to operate.
These two work together to enable modern computing. In this session,
we’ll break down how they function, how they interact, and their real-
world applications.
By the end of this lecture, you will:
✅ Understand the differences between hardware and software.
✅ Recognize examples and their uses.
✅ Explore how hardware and software depend on each other in real-
world scenarios.
by Jons
Understanding Hardware
1.1 Definition of Hardware
 Hardware refers to the physical and tangible
components of a computer system.
 These components can be touched, seen, and
felt.
 They form the basic foundation of any
computing device.
 Without hardware, software cannot able to
function.

Example:
 A computer without a monitor, keyboard, or
processor is incomplete.
 A smartphone needs a touchscreen, a battery,
and internal components to function.
Understanding Hardware
1.2 Physical Components of a Computer
System

Categories of Hardware Components:


1. Input Devices (for user interaction)
Definition: Devices that allow users to enter
data into a computer.

Examples & Usage:


Keyboard: Used for typing text and
commands.
Mouse: Helps navigate the GUI (Graphical
User Interface).
Microphone: Records audio for calls or voice
assistants.
Scanner: Converts physical documents into
digital
Understanding Hardware
1.2 Physical Components of a Computer System

Categories of Hardware Components:


2. Processing Unit (Brain of the Computer)
Definition: The part responsible for executing
instructions and processing data.

Examples & Usage:


Central Processing Unit (CPU): Executes
software instructions, like running Microsoft Word.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Enhances


visual performance for gaming and video
editing.
Understanding Hardware
1.2 Physical Components of a Computer System

Categories of Hardware Components:


3. Storage Devices (Data Storage & Retrieval)
Definition: Devices that store data
permanently or temporarily.

Examples & Usage:


Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Stores large
amounts of data permanently.
Solid State Drive (SSD): A faster alternative
to HDD.
Random Access Memory (RAM): Temporary
memory used while applications run.
USB Flash Drive: Used to transfer files
between devices.
Understanding Hardware
1.2 Physical Components of a Computer System

Categories of Hardware Components:


4. Output Devices (Display & Communication)
Definition: Hardware that presents data from
the computer to the user.

Examples & Usage:


Monitor: Displays visuals and UI.
Speakers: Outputs sound for videos, music,
and alerts.
Printer: Converts digital documents into
physical copies.
Understanding Hardware
1.2 Physical Components of a Computer System

Categories of Hardware Components:


5. Networking Hardware (Connecting to the
Internet/Network)
Definition: Devices that allow communication
between computers and the internet.

Examples & Usage:


Router: Connects devices to the internet via
Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
Network Interface Card (NIC): Allows
wired/wireless network connections.
Understanding Hardware
1.3 Explanation with Real-world Examples
Example 1: A Gaming Computer
A gaming PC has a powerful CPU (hardware) to
run games like Call of Duty.
It also has a high-end GPU (hardware) to
render high-resolution graphics.
Example 2: A Smartphone
The touchscreen (hardware) allows interaction
with apps.
The battery (hardware) powers the device.

Activity 1: Identify Hardware Components


Task: Look at your own computer/smartphone and
identify at least five hardware components. Describe
their role.
Expected Outcome: Understanding of hardware
components in personal devices.
Understanding Software
2.1 Definition of Software
 Software refers to a collection of instructions or
programs that tell hardware what to do.
 It is intangible and runs on hardware to perform
tasks.
 Without software, hardware is useless.

Example:
 Microsoft Word (software) lets you write
documents, but it needs a computer (hardware)
to run.
 A video game is software, but it needs a
PlayStation console (hardware) to function.
Understanding Software
2.2 Types of Software
Categories of Software:
1. System Software (Manages Hardware &
System Operations)
Definition: Software that manages hardware
and provides a platform for other software.

Examples & Usage:


Operating System (OS) (Windows, macOS,
Linux, iOS, Android): Controls the overall
functionality of a computer.
Utility Software (Antivirus, Backup
Software): Helps maintain system
performance.
Device Drivers: Allows hardware (printers,
USBs) to communicate with the OS.
Understanding Software
2.2 Types of Software
Categories of Software:
2. Application Software (User-Specific Tasks)
Definition: Programs designed for specific
user activities.

Examples & Usage:


Microsoft Office: Used for document creation
and presentations.
Web Browsers (Chrome, Firefox): Allows
access to the internet.
Multimedia Software (VLC Media Player,
Photoshop): Used for media playback and
editing.
Understanding Software
2.2 Types of Software
Categories of Software:
3. Programming Software (Develops Other
Software)
Definition: Tools used by developers to create
applications and software.

Examples & Usage:


Compilers & IDEs (Visual Studio, Eclipse,
PyCharm): Help write and debug code.

2.3 Explanation with Real-world Examples


Example 1: Smartphone Apps
WhatsApp (software) lets you send messages, but
needs a smartphone (hardware).
Example 2: A Laptop
Microsoft Word (software) lets you type, but it
Understanding Software
Activity 2: Software Installation & Exploration

 Task: Install a free text editor (e.g., Notepad++


or VS Code) and explore its interface.
 Expected Outcome: Practical understanding
of software interaction.
Relationship Between
Hardware and Software
3.1 How Hardware and Software Interact
Hardware and software work together to
perform computing tasks.
Firmware: Pre-installed software that controls
hardware (e.g., BIOS in computers).
Drivers: Software that enables
communication between hardware and OS.

Example:
A printer driver (software) is required for the
printer (hardware) to function properly.
Relationship Between
Hardware and Software
3.2 Real-World Use Cases
 Gaming PC: High-performance hardware is
required to run demanding software.
 Cloud Computing: Virtual software
services run on powerful data center
hardware.
 AI & Machine Learning: AI models
(software) process data using GPUs
(hardware).
________________________________________
Activity 3: Case Study Analysis
 Task: Pick a real-world example (e.g.,
gaming, smartphones, AI) and explain how
hardware and software interact.
 Expected Outcome: Deeper understanding
of practical applications.
Relationship Between
Hardware and Software
Q&A and Wrap-up Discussion
• Recap key concepts.
• Address student questions.
________________________________________
Summary & Key Takeaways
✅ Hardware: Physical components (CPU, RAM, Hard
Drive, Peripherals).
✅ Software: Instructions that control hardware (OS,
Applications, Drivers).
✅ Interaction: Hardware runs software; software
tells hardware what to do.
✅ Use Cases: Gaming, cloud computing, AI, mobile
devices.

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