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Lecture 1

This document outlines an introductory course on scientific writing, covering essential topics such as the scientific method, types of publications, and the importance of clear communication in science. It distinguishes between scientific writing and science writing, emphasizing the need for precision and clarity in reporting research. Additionally, it defines research and highlights the role of scientific knowledge in societal development.

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16 views41 pages

Lecture 1

This document outlines an introductory course on scientific writing, covering essential topics such as the scientific method, types of publications, and the importance of clear communication in science. It distinguishes between scientific writing and science writing, emphasizing the need for precision and clarity in reporting research. Additionally, it defines research and highlights the role of scientific knowledge in societal development.

Uploaded by

noureldintamereisa2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Principles of

Scientific Writing
Lecture 1

Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr.


Ahmed Samhan Nermeen Mohamed
Professor of Physical Professor of Physical
Therapy for Surgery Therapy for Surgery
This course is designed to introduce students to:
• The scientific thinking and scientific method.
• Basic structure of scientific reports and research articles.
• Common mistakes in scientific writing,
• How to write a scientific report, proposal and
manuscript,
• Appropriate use of tables and figures in data
presentation, and
• Evaluation of literature and information sources.
Topics covered in the course
• Introduction
• Scientific thinking and scientific method
• Why to publish, What to publish
• Types of Scientific Publications
• Where to publish and impact Factor
• How to publish research article
• Ethics of scientific publishing
• Plagiarism
• Policy briefs
Important Terms

• Science

• Research

• Scientific Thinking and Scientific Method

• Scientific Writing

• Science Writing

• Science-fiction Writing
What is Scientific writing?
Scientific writing is

• A technical form of writing that


communicates scientific information to
other scientists in a document, book or
presentation in written form.
Document :
Assignments, Reports, Articles, Thesis,
Research Proposal, Policy Briefs, Oral and
Poster Presentations
Definition of
scientific writing

Reporting of original research in journals or more


broadly to encompass other ways that scientist share
research information with one another such as review
articles, posters, and slide based presentation.

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Another definition
Scientific writing frames a problem in the context of current work in the
field and explicates the author(s)’s research using a format that is easy to
skim for major findings and conclusions. Examples of scientific writing
include articles for peer reviewed journals, grant proposals, and
theses/dissertations in the sciences. Related genres include Laboratory
Reports, Research and Grant Proposals, and Literature Reviews.

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Why the scientific writing is very important?

1. Knowledge is lost without written records. Knowledge cannot be


widely circulated with no effective duplication.

2. To propagate the new knowledge which you have discovered.

3. To communicate discoveries with other professional scientists.

4. If scientist were better writers the gap between the public and
academic world shrink.

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Features of scientific writing
1. Precision (Objectiveness - attention to detail - Exact
Language)
2. Clarity (Uncommon terms - Experiments)
3. Peer Reviews
4. Primary Audience
5. Formal Language
6. Clear organizational structure (IMRaD)
7. Awareness of existing scientific literature
Science Writing
• Writing about recent research
discoveries in newspapers and
magazines online and in print
• They use words, sounds, images,
and graphics to create compelling
stories that appear in newspapers
and magazines, and on the radio, TV.
Comparison between Scientific writing and
Science writing

Scientific Writing Science Writing


Audience Professionals General
Language Formal Plain and Informal
Details Complicated simple idea
Format IMRaD Narrative Story
Science – Fiction Writing
• It is a type of speculative fiction
that contains imagined
elements that don’t exist in the
real world.
• Science fiction spans a wide range of
themes that often explore time
travel, space travel, are set in the
future, and deal with the
consequences of technological and
scientific advance as cloning.
What is science?

Science is a method of investigating nature – a way of


knowing about nature – that discovers reliable knowledge
about nature.
The accumulation of scientific knowledge (Science)
changed and continue to change the world.

Scientific knowledge (science) comes from the practice of


scientific thinking using the scientific method.
What is Science?
• The knowledge obtained by observing natural events and
conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or
principles that can be verified or tested.
Science

• Is a process that uses observation and investigation to gain


knowledge about the world around us.
B
Beliefs
Biases
Perceptions
?
A We all see
C the world
differently

Truth non truth


Types of Observations
Objective Subjective

• an observation based • an observation


on based
fact on opinion

fact – a piece of information opinion – a statement


that can be strictly defined that expresses a belief,
and proved true. value, or feeling.

Which type of observations should be used in science?


Objective or Subjective?

• Science looks like fun today! Subjecti


• Egyptian songs sound good! ve
• The summer was too short! Subjecti
• There are sixty seconds in a minute! ve
• The Chemical symbol of Water is Subjecti
H2O ! ve
Objectiv
e
Objectiv
e
What is research?

• Research.
A) the systematic investigation into and study of materials,
sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

B) an endeavour to discover new or accumulate old facts etc by


the scientific study of a subject or by a course of critical
investigation.
“If we knew what we
were doing, it wouldn’t
be called research, would
it?” Albert Einstein
By the way, have you ever wondered why we do
experiments at school, or university the result of
which is known beforehand?

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Dreams Come True
By scientific research

Examples of scientific knowledge (Science) that changed


and continue to change the world.
Early man:

• Discovered cultivation.

• Built a house and settled.

• Domesticated animals.
Civilization:

An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material


development in human society, marked by progress in
the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-
keeping, including writing, and the appearance of
complex institutions.
Egyptian civilization:
Egyptian papyrus
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Thank you

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