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Random Variable Educ

A random variable is a function that assigns a real number to each element in a sample space. The document defines discrete and continuous sample spaces, along with their respective probability distributions, providing examples such as coin tosses and dice rolls. It also introduces various continuous probability distributions including the Normal and Chi-Square distributions.

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Janine Allysa Magnaye
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13 views30 pages

Random Variable Educ

A random variable is a function that assigns a real number to each element in a sample space. The document defines discrete and continuous sample spaces, along with their respective probability distributions, providing examples such as coin tosses and dice rolls. It also introduces various continuous probability distributions including the Normal and Chi-Square distributions.

Uploaded by

Janine Allysa Magnaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANDOM VARIABLE

Definition: Random Variable


A function whose value is a real
number determined by each element in
the sample space is called a random
variable.
Function is a single valued relation.
Relation is a subset of the Cartesian Product (AxB).
Cartesian Product (AxB) is the set of ordered pairs (a,b)
where a is an element of A and b is an element of B.
Example.
Example. Tossing a coin once. Define a random
variable.
Example. Tossing a coin twice. Define a random
variable.
Example. Tossing a die once. Define a random
variable.
Example. A research question to be answered by
yes or no. What is the random variable in this
case?
Example. A research question to be answered by
Excellent, Very Good, Good, Poor and Very
Poor. Define a random variable in this case.
Definition: Discrete Sample Space
If a sample space contains a finite number of
possibilities or unending sequence with as many as
elements as there are whole numbers, it is called a discrete
sample space.

Definition: Continuous Sample Space


If a sample space contains an infinite number of
possibilities equal to the number of points on a line
segment, it is called a continuous sample space.
Example. Tossing a coin once.
Example. Tossing a coin twice.
Example. Tossing a die once.
Example. A research question to be answered by
yes or no.
Example. A coin is tossed until a head occurs.
Example. The Normal Body Temperature of a person.
Definition: Discrete Probability Distribution
A table or formula listing all possible values that a
discrete random variable can take on, along with the
associated probabilities, is called a discrete probability
distribution.
Example. What is the probability distribution of the
number of heads when a coin is tossed once?


Example. What is the probability distribution of the
number of heads when a pair of coin is tossed?
Example. What is the probability distribution of the sum of
numbers when a pair of dice is tossed once?

S={(1,1), (1.2),(1,3),(1.4),(1,5),(1,6)
(2,1), (2.2),(2,3),(2.4),(2,5),(2,6)
(3,1), (3.2),(3,3),(3.4),(3,5),(3,6)
(4,1), (4.2),(4,3),(4.4),(4,5),(4,6)
(5,1), (5.2),(5,3),(5.4),(5,5),(5,6)
(6,1), (6.2),(6,3),(6.4),(6,5),(6,6)}
Definition: Continuous Probability Distribution
The function with values is called a probability
density function for the continuous random variable X if
the total area under its curve and above the x axis is
equal to 1 and if the area under the curve between two
ordinates and gives the probability that X lies between a
and b.
Example. Given f(x)= 1/6 where 0<x<6.
Example. The Normal Distribution is a continuous
probability distribution.
Example. The Chi-Square distribution
Example. The F distribution
Example. The t distribution.
.
The Gamma Function

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