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Lecture 6 - DLL Framing

The Data Link Layer (DLL) is responsible for framing, addressing, flow control, error control, and media access control. Framing methods include fixed-size and variable-size framing, with techniques such as character count and bit stuffing to delineate frame boundaries. Bit stuffing involves adding a 0 bit after five consecutive 1s to prevent confusion with the flag byte used to indicate frame start and end.

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22 views10 pages

Lecture 6 - DLL Framing

The Data Link Layer (DLL) is responsible for framing, addressing, flow control, error control, and media access control. Framing methods include fixed-size and variable-size framing, with techniques such as character count and bit stuffing to delineate frame boundaries. Bit stuffing involves adding a 0 bit after five consecutive 1s to prevent confusion with the flag byte used to indicate frame start and end.

Uploaded by

dhruvilthammisettu2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA LINK LAYER

OVERVIEW OF DLL
Specific responsibilities of the data link layer include
• framing,
• addressing,
• flow control,
• error control,
• media access control.

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FRAMING

The data link layer needs to pack the received data into
frames, so that each frame is distinguishable from
another.
Types of Framing
Fixed-Size Framing
Variable-Size Framing
Variable Length Framing

 How can frame be transmitted so the receiver


can
detect frame boundaries? That is, how can the
receiver recognize the start and end of a frame?
 Character Count
 Flag byte with Byte Stuffing
 Starting and ending flag with bite stuffing
 Encoding Violations

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FRAMING – CHARACTER COUNT
 The first framing method uses a field in the header to specify
the number of characters in the frame. When the data link layer
at the destination sees the character count, it knows how many
characters follow and hence where the end of the frame is.

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The trouble with this algorithm is that the count can be garbled by a
transmission error.
FRAMING – BIT STUFFING
 This technique allows data frames to contain an arbitrary number of bits and
allows character codes with an arbitrary number of bits per character. It works
like this. Each frame begins and ends with a special bit pattern, 01111110 (in
fact, a flag byte).
 Whenever the sender's data link layer encounters five consecutive 1s in
the data, it automatically stuffs a 0 bit into the outgoing bit stream.
 This bit stuffing is analogous to byte stuffing, in which an escape byte is
stuffed into the outgoing character stream before a flag byte in the data. When
the receiver sees five consecutive incoming 1 bits, followed by a 0 bit, it
automatically destuffs (i.e., deletes) the 0 bit

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Byte stuffing and unstuffing

17
Flag byte with Byte Stuffing

Byte stuffing and unstuffing

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Data: 01101111110
Data: 01101111110

Encoded Data in frame format:


0111111001101111101001111110

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