UNIT-III

IoT Physical Devices and End Points

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 DAY-1

Introduction To Arduino

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 What is Arduino?
The Arduino is an open source hardware prototyping platform supported by an open source software environment.

It was first introduced in 2005 and was designed with the goal of making the hardware and software easy to use and
available to the widest audience possible.

Thus, you do not have to be an electronics expert to use the Arduino.

Arduino also provides an integrated development environment called the Arduino IDE.

The IDE runs on your computer (called the host), where you can write and compile sketches and then upload them to the
Arduino via USB connections.

The IDE is available for Linux, Mac, and Windows.

It is designed around a text editor especially designed for writing code and a set of limited functions designed to support
compilation and loading of sketches.

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 Features of Arduino
Sketches are written in a special format consisting of only two required methods—one that executes when
the Arduino is reset or powered on and another that executes continuously.

Thus, your initialization code goes in setup() and your code to control the Arduino goes in loop().

The language is C-like, and you may define your own variables and functions.

You can expand the functionality of sketches and provide for reuse by writing libraries that encapsulate
certain features such as networking, using memory cards, connecting to databases, doing mathematics,
and the like. Many such libraries are included with the IDE.

There are also some libraries written by others and contributed to Arduino.cc through open source
agreements—some of which have been bundled with the IDE.

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 ARDUINO MODELS
A growing number of Arduino boards are available. Some are configured for special applications, whereas others are
designed with different processors and memory configurations.

Some boards are considered official Arduino boards because they are branded and endorsed by Arduino.cc. Because the
Arduino is open source and, more specifically, licensed using a Creative Commons.

Attribution Share-Alike license, anyone can build Arduino-compatible boards (often called Arduino clones). However, you
must follow the rules and guidelines set forth by Arduino.cc.

The basic layout of an Arduino board consists of a USB connection, a power connector, a reset switch, LEDs for power and
serial communication, and a standard spaced set of headers for attaching shields. The official boards sport a distinctive blue-
colored PCB with white lettering.

With the exception of one model, all the official boards can be mounted in a chassis (they have holes in the PCB for
mounting screws). The exception is an Arduino designed for mounting on a breadboard.

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 Different Arduino Boards
LEONARDO

UNO

DUE

MEGA 2560

MINI

MICRO

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 ARDUINO UNO R3

 The Arduino UNO R3 is the perfect board to get

familiar with electronics and coding.
 This versatile microcontroller is equipped with the
well-known ATmega328P and the ATMega16U2
Processor.
 This board will give you a great first experience
within the world of Arduino.

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 Features of ATMEGA328P
Memory
Peripherals
AVR CPU at up to 16 MHz  2- 8-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register and compare channels
32KB Flash  1-16-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register, input capture and
2KB SRAM compare channels
1KB EEPROM  1-USART with fractional baud rate generator and start-of-frame detection

Security  1-controller/peripheral Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

Power On Reset (POR)  1-Dual mode controller/peripheral I2C

 1-Analog Comparator (AC) with a scalable reference input
Brown Out Detection (BOD)
 Watchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillator
 Six PWM channels
 Interrupt and wake-up on pin change

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 ATMega16U2 Processor
8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontroller
Memory
16 KB ISP Flash
512B EEPROM
512B SRAM
debugWIRE interface for on-chip debugging and programming
Power
2.7-5.5 volts

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points
 Topology
Reference Description
X1 Power jack 2.1x5.5mm
X2 USB B Connector
PC1 EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor
PC2 EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor
D1 CGRA4007-G Rectifier
J-ZU4 ATMEGA328P Module
Y1 ECS-160-20-4X-DU Oscillator
U1 SPX1117M3-L-5 Regulator
U3 ATMEGA16U2 Module
U5 LMV358LIST-A.9 IC
F1 Chip Capacitor, High Density
ICSP Pin header connector (through hole 6)
ICSP1 Pin header connector (through hole 6)

MRITS/IOT/SENSORS AND DEVICES/MR. T. PAVAN VINAYAK UNIT-III IoT Physical Devices and End Points