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Apache

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Apache Web Server, including its features such as server-side programming language support, IPv6 compatibility, and virtual hosting capabilities. It also covers installation procedures for PHP and MySQL, SSL configuration, and the role of Certificate Authorities. Additionally, it outlines the file system layout for Apache on Debian and provides instructions for starting the server and verifying its operation.

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Bharathi Raja
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19 views17 pages

Apache

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Apache Web Server, including its features such as server-side programming language support, IPv6 compatibility, and virtual hosting capabilities. It also covers installation procedures for PHP and MySQL, SSL configuration, and the role of Certificate Authorities. Additionally, it outlines the file system layout for Apache on Debian and provides instructions for starting the server and verifying its operation.

Uploaded by

Bharathi Raja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Apache Web Server

Quick and Dirty


for AfNOG 2015

(Originally by Joel Jaeggli for AfNOG 2007)


About Apache

 Apache http server project


 http://httpd.apache.org
 Apache foundation started to support the
web server project, but now extends to a
multitude of other projects.
No. of websites
Top Server Market share from 1995 -
2014

http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/
Apache features
 Server Side Programming Language Support
 Apache supports some common language interfaces which include Perl, Python,
Tcl, and PHP. It also supports a variety of popular authentication modules like
mod_auth, mod_access, mod_digest and many others.
 IPv6 Support
 On systems where IPv6 is supported by the underlying Apache Portable Runtime
library, Apache gets IPv6 listening sockets by default.
 Virtual Hosting
 Apache will allow one installation instance to serve multiple websites. For
instance one Apache installation can serve sse.afnog.org, ws.afnog.org etc
 Simplified configuration
 Native Windows NT Unicode Support
 More at: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/new_features_2_0.html
Virtual Hosting

 Apache Provides multiple options of


virtual hosting and scales
 Name Based virtual hosts
 IP Based Virtual Hosts
 Aliases
 Its recommended to use name based
virtual hosting over IP based hosting in
virtual hosting configuration
 Refer to virtual hosting Exercise section
Installing PHP & Mysql

 PHP and Mysql implementations have


increased driven mainly by development
requests
 LAMP and WAMP are the most common
implementations
 Installation via “dkpg” and “apt-get” and
relatively straight forward
 See PHP & Mysql installation exercise
section
Apache and IPv6

 Apache supports IPv4 and IPv6 by default


 Set the listen option to port 80 will listen
for both IPv4 and IPv6
 listen option with IPv4 and IPv6 specific
addresses will invoke different sockets for
each protocol
Listen 196.200.219.xx:80
Listen [2001:43f8:0:219:196:200:219:xx]:80
 Refer to IPv6 & php test exercise
Apache SSL
 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) port is 443
 SSL is important to protect communication
between client browser and web-server
 Requires the creation of SSL certificates and
Certificate Signing Requests (CSR)
 For integrity, SSL certificates are signed by a
Certificate Authority’s (CA) such as Verisign
 Self signed Certificates will also work but
your browser will not trust it and will give a
warning to users (which most don’t read)
 Refer to the Creating SSL Certificate
Exercise Section
How SSL Works

 Each SSL certificate has a Public and


Private key
 The Public Key is used to encrypt the
information
 The Public Key is accessible to everyone
 The private Key is used to decipher the
information
 The private should be not be disclosed
Role of Certificate Authority

 There are a number of CA that certify


certificates
 Most browsers have pre-included public
Keys from the CA’s
 A CA certified certificate will have
validation information signed by the CA’s
private key
 The browser will decrypt the validation
information using the public key and
verify that the certificate is certified by
the CA
Apache Installation on
Debian
 Apache can be installed from APT-
GET
apt-get install apache2
 Can be installed from dpkg
 Or from source if one requires a
more recent version than what's on
Debian source list
File System Layout
/etc/apache2/
|-- apache2.conf
| `-- ports.conf
|-- mods-enabled
| |-- *.load
| `-- *.conf
|-- conf-enabled
| `-- *.conf
|-- sites-enabled
| `-- *.conf
Starting Apache
 Startup scripts are located at
/etc/init.d/
 Take a look in startup script
/etc/init.d/apache2
 Add Apache to startup
update-rc.d apache2 enable
 Run
$ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

$ sudo service apache2 start


 Restart
$ sudo service apache2 restart
Start Apache!

 /etc/init.d/apache2 start
 Check that you can access
http://your.ip.add.ress in your
browser
 Check that you can access
https://your.ip.add.ress in your
browser, and that you get a certificate
warning
 Click on the padlock icon in your browser
and check that the certificate details are
correct
Apache use cases

 Apache is widely used to serve many


content applications
 Webmail, Blogs, Wiki’s, CMS etc
Start Exercises

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