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Charge Coupled Devices (CCD)

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a light-sensitive integrated circuit that captures images by converting photons to electrons, breaking images into pixels that generate electrical charges proportional to light intensity. Invented in 1969 by George Smith and Willard Boyle, CCDs were widely used but are now being replaced by CMOS technology. The CCD's design was refined in the 1970s for better imaging capabilities.

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15 views16 pages

Charge Coupled Devices (CCD)

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a light-sensitive integrated circuit that captures images by converting photons to electrons, breaking images into pixels that generate electrical charges proportional to light intensity. Invented in 1969 by George Smith and Willard Boyle, CCDs were widely used but are now being replaced by CMOS technology. The CCD's design was refined in the 1970s for better imaging capabilities.

Uploaded by

Reia Ramkumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Charge coupled Devices (CCD)

• A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a light-sensitive integrated circuit that captures images


by converting photons to electrons.

• A CCD sensor breaks the image elements into pixels. Each pixel is converted into an
electrical charge whose intensity is related to the intensity of light captured by that pixel.

• For many years, CCDs were the sensors of choice in a wide range of devices, but they're
steadily being replaced by image sensors based on complementary metal-oxide-
semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

• The CCD was invented in 1969 at Bell Labs -- now part of Nokia -- by George Smith and
Willard Boyle.

• However, the researcher's efforts were focused primarily on computer memory, and it
wasn't until the 1970s that Michael F. Tompsett, also with Bell Labs, refined the CCD's
design to better accommodate imaging
What does a charge-coupled device do?
• Small, light-sensitive areas are etched into a silicon surface to create an array of
pixels that collect the photons and generate electrons.

• The number of electrons in each pixel is directly proportional to the intensity of


light captured by the pixel.

• After all the electrons have been generated, they undergo a shifting process that
moves them toward an output node, where they're amplified and converted to
voltage.
Working Principle
s-boyle-infographic
Architecture
Image Intensifier Tube
Green Night vision - Forest w/ Moon Background

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