THE

PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT

Eric Jay S. Tagapan Jay-ar A. Macalisang John Michael C.

What is the Propaganda
Movement?
What is the Propaganda
Movement?
The Propaganda Movement was a late 19th-century campaign
by a group of Filipino intellectuals and expatriates who sought to
reform Spanish rule in the Philippines. This movement emerged in
the 1870s and continued into the 1890s, aiming to achieve
greater political and social reforms through peaceful means,
particularly through education and advocacy. The movement is
considered a crucial precursor to the Philippine Revolution against
Spanish colonial rule.
Historical Background
Historical Background
Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

The Propaganda Movement emerged during a period of Spanish

colonization in the Philippines, which began in 1565 and lasted for
over three centuries. During this time, the Spanish authorities and
the Catholic Church held significant power, often oppressing the
native population through forced labor, heavy taxation, and
religious control. The friars, who dominated the religious and
social landscape, wielded immense influence over the Filipino
people, leading to widespread abuses and resentment. This
oppressive colonial environment set the stage for the rise of
reformist sentiments among the Filipino educated class.
Historical Background
Historical Background
Rise of Filipino Consciousness and Identity

As the 19th century progressed, a growing sense of Filipino

identity and consciousness began to take shape, especially
among the ilustrados—educated Filipinos who had studied in
Europe or had access to European ideas. These individuals began
to question the injustices and inequalities imposed by Spanish
rule, advocating for reforms that would grant Filipinos greater
rights and representation. The development of a national
consciousness was further fueled by the exposure to liberal and
nationalist ideas, which were spreading across Europe and the
Americas during this period.
ILUSTRAD
OS
Historical Background
Inspiration from Global Movements for
Independence and Reform
The Propaganda Movement was also inspired by global
movements for independence and reform. The success of the
American and French Revolutions, as well as the independence
movements in Latin America, provided a powerful example for
Filipino reformists. These global events demonstrated that colonial
powers could be challenged and that the principles of liberty,
equality, and fraternity were achievable. Motivated by these
ideals, the propagandists sought to achieve similar reforms in the
Philippines, aiming for a more just and equitable society under
Spanish rule.
Key Objectives of the
Movement
 Key Objectives of the
Movement
Political
Reforms
 Key Objectives of the
Movement
Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
(parliament)
 Key Objectives of the
Movement
Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
• (parliament)
Equal treatment under
the law
 Key Objectives of the
Movement
Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
• (parliament)
Equal treatment under
the law
Social
Reforms
 Key Objectives of the
Movement
Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
• (parliament)
Equal treatment under
the law
Social
• Secularization of Reforms
education
 Key Objectives of the
Movement
Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
• (parliament)
Equal treatment under
the law
Social
• Secularization of Reforms
• education
Freedom of speech and
press
 Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
• (parliament)
Equal treatment under
the law Social
• Secularization of Reforms
• education
Freedom of speech and
press
Economic Reforms
 Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
• (parliament)
Equal treatment under
the law Social
• Secularization of Reforms
• education
Freedom of speech and
press
Economic Reforms

• Fairer
taxation
 Political
Reforms • Representation in the Spanish Cortes
• (parliament)
Equal treatment under
the law Social
• Secularization of Reforms
• education
Freedom of speech and
press
Economic Reforms

•
Fairer
• taxation
End to forced labor (polo y
servicio)
Prominent Figures
Prominent Figures
Prominent Figures
Jose Rizal
Prominent Figures
Jose Rizal

José Rizal (1861–1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer,

and revolutionary who is considered the national hero
of the Philippines. A polymath and a doctor by
profession, Rizal's most famous works are his novels
"Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," which
exposed the abuses of Spanish colonial rule and
inspired the Filipino struggle for independence.
Despite advocating for peaceful reform, Rizal was
arrested, tried for sedition, and executed by the
Spanish in 1896. His martyrdom fueled the Philippine
Revolution, and his legacy continues to shape Filipino
Prominent Figures
Prominent Figures
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Prominent Figures
Marcelo H. del Pilar

Marcelo H. del Pilar was a key figure in the Philippine

revolution against Spanish colonial rule. Born on
August 30, 1850, in Bulacan, he was a lawyer,
journalist, and an ardent nationalist. Del Pilar was
instrumental in propagating the ideals of freedom and
independence through his writings, particularly in "La
Solidaridad," a newspaper that he edited in Spain to
rally support for Philippine reforms. His works, often
written under the pen name "Plaridel," were critical of
the Spanish friars and the abuses of the colonial
government. Del Pilar's efforts significantly contributed
to the rise of Filipino nationalism and inspired the
Prominent Figures
Prominent Figures
Graciano López Jaena
Prominent Figures
Graciano López Jaena
Graciano López Jaena was a prominent Filipino
journalist, orator, and revolutionary leader who played
a crucial role in the Philippine propaganda movement
against Spanish colonial rule. Born on December 18,
1856, in Iloilo, he is best known as the founder and
first editor of "La Solidaridad," the key publication of
the Filipino reformist movement in Spain. Through his
writings and speeches, López Jaena advocated for
political reforms, freedom of speech, and the rights of
Filipinos under Spanish rule. His eloquence and
passionate advocacy made him a respected figure
among his contemporaries, and he became one of the
leading voices that inspired the Philippine Revolution.
Prominent Figures
Major Publications
Major Publications
Major Publications
 Major Publications
La Solidaridad was a prominent publication and the
official organ of the Filipino propaganda movement in
Spain, established in 1889. It served as a platform for
Filipino reformists, including figures like Marcelo H. del
Pilar, Graciano López Jaena, and José Rizal, to advocate
for political and social reforms in the Philippines under
Spanish colonial rule.
The publication, written in Spanish, called for greater representation of
Filipinos in the Spanish government, freedom of speech, equal rights, and the
secularization of Philippine parishes. La Solidaridad played a critical role in
uniting Filipino expatriates in Europe and raising international awareness
about the injustices occurring in the Philippines, laying the intellectual
groundwork for the eventual Philippine Revolution.
Major Publications
Major Publications
Major Publications
 Major Publications
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, both novels by
José Rizal, played a crucial role in the Propaganda
Movement in the Philippines. These works exposed the
abuses, corruption, and injustices committed by the
Spanish colonial government and the friars, which were
major issues of concern for the propagandists.

Through powerful storytelling, Rizal highlighted the

social ills and the plight of the Filipino people,
awakening a sense of nationalism and inspiring others
to join the fight for reform. The novels became
essential reading for members of the movement and
helped to galvanize support for peaceful change, laying
the groundwork for the eventual Philippine Revolution
against Spanish rule.
Major Publications
Other
Writings
Essay

Pamphlets
Challenges Faced
Challenges Faced
Opposition from Spanish Authorities
Challenges Faced
Opposition from Spanish Authorities

• Censorship and
persecution
Challenges Faced
Opposition from Spanish Authorities

• Censorship and
• persecution
Lack of support from the Spanish
government
Challenges Faced
Opposition from Spanish Authorities

• Censorship and
• persecution
Lack of support from the Spanish
government
Internal Conflicts
Challenges Faced
Opposition from Spanish Authorities

• Censorship and
• persecution
Lack of support from the Spanish
government
Internal Conflicts

• Differences in
Ideology
Challenges Faced
Opposition from Spanish Authorities

• Censorship and
• persecution
Lack of support from the Spanish
government
Internal Conflicts

• Differences in
• IdeologyLeadership
Struggles
Challenges Faced

Rizal vs. del Pilar

 Challenges Faced

vs
Rizal del Pilar
 Challenges Faced

A leadership rivalry between Jose Rizal and Marcelo

H. del Pilar emerged, particularly within the reformist
organization La Solidaridad. Rizal, preferring a more
independent and solitary approach, eventually
distanced himself from the movement, while del Pilar
advocated for a more active and collective leadership.
This rivalry led to Rizal’s eventual resignation from La
Solidaridad in 1891.
impact and legacy
Impact and Legacy
Impact and Legacy
Influence on the Philippine Revolution
Impact and Legacy
Influence on the Philippine Revolution
• Inspired the revolutionary movement led by
Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan
•
Impact and Legacy
Influence on the Philippine Revolution
• Inspired the revolutionary movement led by
Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan
• Catalyst for Filipino nationalism
Impact and Legacy
Influence on the Philippine Revolution
• Inspired the revolutionary movement led by
Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan
• Catalyst for Filipino nationalism

Legacy in Philippine History

Impact and Legacy
Influence on the Philippine Revolution
• Inspired the revolutionary movement led by
Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan
• Catalyst for Filipino nationalism

Legacy in Philippine History

• Laid the foundation for the eventual independence
of the Philippines
Impact and Legacy
Influence on the Philippine Revolution
• Inspired the revolutionary movement led by
Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan
• Catalyst for Filipino nationalism

Legacy in Philippine History

• Laid the foundation for the eventual independence
of the Philippines
• Continuing influence on Filipino identity and
consciousness
THE
END
 THE
ANGEND
WAKAS
 THE
ANGEND
WAKAS
HUMAN RA