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2 Network Fundamentals2

This document discusses subnetting procedures, including the differences between classful and classless subnetting, and provides examples of how to apply subnetting to a given network topology. It details Class C subnetting, including the number of hosts, usable hosts, and subnet masks for various configurations. The document also includes practical examples for subnetting different departments based on their host requirements.

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kiyopon024
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13 views42 pages

2 Network Fundamentals2

This document discusses subnetting procedures, including the differences between classful and classless subnetting, and provides examples of how to apply subnetting to a given network topology. It details Class C subnetting, including the number of hosts, usable hosts, and subnet masks for various configurations. The document also includes practical examples for subnetting different departments based on their host requirements.

Uploaded by

kiyopon024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK AND

COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
ADMINISTRATION
MODULE 2
Learning Objectives
To discuss the procedure of subnetting.
To differentiate classful vs. classless subnetting.
To apply subnetting on the given network topology.
Subnetting
Subnetting is the process of stealing bits from the HOST part of an IP address in order to divide
the larger network into smaller sub-networks called subnets.
Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24
/25
/26
/27
/28
/29
/30

Subnetted Class C
Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24 8
/25 7
/26 6
/27 5
/28 4
/29 3
/30 2
Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24 8 28 = 256
/25 7 27 = 128
/26 6 26 = 64
/27 5 25 = 32
/28 4 24 = 16
/29 3 23 = 8
/30 2 22 = 4
Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24 8 28 = 256 254
/25 7 27 = 128 126
/26 6 26 = 64 62
/27 5 25 = 32 30
/28 4 24 = 16 14
/29 3 23 = 8 6
/30 2 22 = 4 2
Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24 8 28 = 256 254 255.255.255.0
/25 7 27 = 128 126 255.255.255.128
/26 6 26 = 64 62 255.255.255.192
/27 5 25 = 32 30 255.255.255.224
/28 4 24 = 16 14 255.255.255.240
/29 3 23 = 8 6 255.255.255.248
/30 2 22 = 4 2 255.255.255.252
Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24 8 28 = 256 254 255.255.255.0
/25 7 27 = 128 126 255.255.255.128
/26 6 26 = 64 62 255.255.255.192
/27 5 25 = 32 30 255.255.255.224
/28 4 24 = 16 14 255.255.255.240
/29 3 23 = 8 6 255.255.255.248
/30 2 22 = 4 2 255.255.255.252
Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24 8 28 = 256 254 255.255.255.0
/25 7 27 = 128 126 255.255.255.128
/26 6 26 = 64 62 255.255.255.192
/27 5 25 = 32 30 255.255.255.224
/28 4 24 = 16 14 255.255.255.240
/29 3 23 = 8 6 255.255.255.248
/30 2 22 = 4 2 255.255.255.252
/31 1 21 = 2 0 255.255.255.254

Can we have a network of 0 host?


Class C subnetting
Network bits Host bits No. of hosts Usable hosts Subnet mask
/24 8 28 = 256 254 255.255.255.0
/25 7 27 = 128 126 255.255.255.128
/26 6 26 = 64 62 255.255.255.192
/27 5 25 = 32 30 255.255.255.224
/28 4 24 = 16 14 255.255.255.240
/29 3 23 = 8 6 255.255.255.248
/30 2 22 = 4 2 255.255.255.252
/31 1 21 = 4 0 255.255.255.254
/32 0 20 = 0 -2 255.255.255.255

It is like a name without surname…


Example
Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address to this following departments:
Department A = 10 hosts
Department B = 5 hosts
Department C = 40 hosts
Department D = 20 hosts

Use classful subnetting!


Step 1: Identify the biggest
network
Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address to this following departments:
Department A = 10 hosts
Department B = 5 hosts
Department C = 40 hosts
Department D = 20 hosts This will be the reference for network size
Step 2: Look for suitable subnet
Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address to this following departments:
Department A = 10 hosts
Department B = 5 hosts
Department C = 40 hosts
Department D = 20 hosts
Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C
D
A
B

Arrange according to network size


Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62
D /26 64 62
A /26 64 62
B /26 64 62

Since, we use classful subnetting, all subnetworks


Will have the same size.
Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0
D /26 64 62 192.168.10.64
A /26 64 62 192.168.10.128
B /26 64 62 192.168.10.192

The interval of each subnetworks is 64


Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.63
D /26 64 62 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.127
A /26 64 62 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.191
B /26 64 62 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.255

Broadcast address is -1 of next network address


Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.63
192.168.10.62
D /26 64 62 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.65 – 192.168.10.127
192.168.10.126
A /26 64 62 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 – 192.168.10.191
192.168.10.190
B /26 64 62 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.193 – 192.168.10.255
192.168.10.254

IP host range is always in-between network address


and broadcast address!
Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.63 255.255.255.192
192.168.10.62
D /26 64 62 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.65 – 192.168.10.127 255.255.255.192
192.168.10.126
A /26 64 62 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 – 192.168.10.191 255.255.255.192
192.168.10.190
B /26 64 62 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.193 – 192.168.10.255 255.255.255.192
192.168.10.254

We have same subnet mask because we have same network size


Imagine life without subnetting

Not subnetted

subnetted
Step 1: Arrange the networks
Use classless subnetting!
according to size
Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address to this following departments:
Department C = 40 hosts
Department D = 20 hosts
Department A = 10 hosts
Department B = 5 hosts

40 hosts, then 20 hosts, then 10 hosts, lastly 5 hosts


Step 2: Look for suitable subnet
Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address to this following departments:
Department C = 40 hosts
Department D = 20 hosts
Department A = 10 hosts
Department B = 5 hosts
Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C
D
A
B

Arrange according to network size


Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62
D /27 32 30
A /28 16 14
B /29 8 6

Using classless, network sizes are different


based on the actual required size
Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0
D /27 32 30 192.168.10.64
A /28 16 14 192.168.10.96
B /29 8 6 192.168.10.112

Next network address depends on the size of the network


Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.63
D /27 32 30 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.95
A /28 16 14 192.168.10.96 192.168.10.111
B /29 8 6 192.168.10.112 192.168.10.119

Broadcast address is -1 of next network address


Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.63
192.168.10.62
D /27 32 30 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.65 – 192.168.10.95
192.168.10.94
A /28 16 14 192.168.10.96 192.168.10.97 – 192.168.10.111
192.168.10.110
B /29 8 6 192.168.10.112 192.168.10.113 – 192.168.10.119
192.168.10.118

IP host range is always in-between network address


and broadcast address!
Step 3: Establish the subnet
table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
C /26 64 62 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.63 255.255.255.192
192.168.10.62
D /27 32 30 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.65 – 192.168.10.95 255.255.255.224
192.168.10.94
A /28 16 14 192.168.10.96 192.168.10.97 – 192.168.10.111 255.255.255.240
192.168.10.110
B /29 8 6 192.168.10.112 192.168.10.113 – 192.168.10.119 255.255.255.248
192.168.10.118

Subnet mask depends on the network size


Classful subnetting vs classless
subnetting

classful

classless
Example Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address in this given topology

How many networks do you see?


Example Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address in this given topology

Remember: 1 broadcast domain = 1 network


Example Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address in this given topology

5 broadcast domains = 5 networks


Example Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address in this given topology

? hosts ? hosts

Let us
assume:

30 hosts 100 hosts 50 hosts


2 hosts = 2 IP addresses
Example Given: 192.168.10.0/24
Divide this network address in this given topology

2 hosts 2 hosts

30 hosts 100 hosts 50 hosts


Establish the subnet table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
100
hosts
50
hosts
30
hosts
2
hosts
2
hosts

Arrange according to network size


Establish the subnet table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
100 /25 128 126
hosts
50 /26 64 62
hosts
30 /27 32 30
hosts
2 /30 4 2
Using classless, network sizes are different
hosts based on the actual required size
2 /30 4 2
hosts
Establish the subnet table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
100 /25 128 126 192.168.10.0
hosts
50 /26 64 62 192.168.10.128
hosts
30 /27 32 30 192.168.10.192
hosts
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.224
hosts
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.228
hosts

Next network address depends on the size of the network


Establish the subnet table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
100 /25 128 126 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.127
hosts
50 /26 64 62 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.191
hosts
30 /27 32 30 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.223
hosts
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.224 192.168.10.227
hosts
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.228 192.168.10.231
hosts

Broadcast address is -1 of next network address


IP host range is always in-between network address
and broadcast address!
Establish the subnet table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
100 /25 128 126 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.127
hosts 192.168.10.126
50 /26 64 62 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 – 192.168.10.191
hosts 192.168.10.190
30 /27 32 30 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.193 – 192.168.10.223
hosts 192.168.10.222
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.224 192.168.10.225 – 192.168.10.227
hosts 192.168.10.226
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.228 192.168.10.229 – 192.168.10.231
hosts 192.168.10.230
Establish the subnet table
Dept Network No. of Total Network address IP Host Range Broadcast Subnet mask
bits hosts usable Address
hosts
100 /25 128 126 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.127 255.255.255.128
hosts 192.168.10.126
50 /26 64 62 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 – 192.168.10.191 255.255.255.192
hosts 192.168.10.190
30 /27 32 30 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.193 – 192.168.10.223 255.255.255.224
hosts 192.168.10.222
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.224 192.168.10.225 – 192.168.10.227 255.255.255.252
hosts 192.168.10.226
2 /30 4 2 192.168.10.228 192.168.10.229 – 192.168.10.231 255.255.255.252
hosts 192.168.10.230

Subnet mask depends on the network size


Research
Perform classless subnetting on this given topology using 192.168.0.0/24

10 hosts 40 hosts

20 hosts
30 hosts

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