The Java Environment

• The Java Environment

• Java Source File -Structure – Compilation
What is JRE?
• part of the Java Development Kit (JDK)
• JRE acts as a layer on the top of the operating
system.
• provides the class libraries and other
resources that a specific Java program needs
to run.
• The JRE is one of three interrelated
components for developing and running Java
programs.
• The other two components are as follows:
1. Java Development Kit (JDK)
– a set of tools for developing Java applications.
– Developers choose JDKs by Java version and by
package or edition— Java Enterprise Edition (Java
EE), Java Special Edition (Java SE), or Java Mobile
Edition (Java ME).
– Every JDK always includes a compatible JRE,
because running a Java program is part of the
process of developing a Java program.
2. Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
– executes live Java applications.
• The JRE combines Java code created using the JDK
with the necessary libraries required to run it on a
JVM and then creates an instance of the JVM that
executes the resulting program.
• JVMs are available for multiple operating systems,
and programs created with the JRE will run on all of
them.
• In this way, the Java Runtime Environment is what
enables a Java program to run in any operating
system without modification.
How does JRE work?
• The JDK and JRE interact with one another to
create a sustainable runtime environment that
enables the seamless execution of Java-based
applications in virtually any operating system.
• The following make up the JRE runtime
architecture:
• ClassLoader
– The Java ClassLoader dynamically loads all classes
necessary to run a Java program.
– Since Java classes are only loaded into memory when
they're required, the JRE uses ClassLoaders to
automate this process on demand.
• Bytecode verifier
– The bytecode verifier ensures the format and
accuracy of Java code before it passes to the
interpreter.
– In the event that code violates system integrity or
access rights, the class will be considered corrupted
and won't be loaded.
• Interpreter
– After the bytecode successfully loads, the Java
interpreter creates an instance of the JVM that allows
the Java program to be executed natively on the
underlying machine.
public class Demo //class definition
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
void display()
{
System.out.println("Welcome to java");
}
//statements
}
}
Compile java program
javac Hello.java

Run java program

java Hello
Demo.java Demo.class
• Subsystem of JVM that is used to load class
files.

• Checks the code fragments for illegal code

that can violate access rights to objects.

• Read bytecode stream then execute the

instructions.
 Documentation Section
• The documentation section is an important section but
optional for a Java program.
• It includes basic information about a Java program.
• The information includes the author's name, date of
creation, version, program name, company name, and
description of the program.
• It improves the readability of the program.
• Whatever we write in the documentation section, the Java
compiler ignores the statements during the execution of the
program.
• To write the statements in the documentation section, we
use comments.
• The comments may be single-line, multi-line, and
documentation comments.
Single-line Comment:
• It starts with a pair of forwarding slash (//). For
example:
//First Java Program
Multi-line Comment:
• It starts with a /* and ends with */. For example:
/*It is an example of
multiline comment*/
Documentation Comment:
• It starts with the delimiter (/**) and ends with
*/. /**It is an example of documentation
comment*/
 Package Declaration
• The package declaration is optional.
• It is placed just after the documentation section.
• Use the keyword package to declare the package name.
package oops;
• Note that there can be only one package statement in a
Java program.
• It must be defined before any class and interface
declaration.
• It is necessary because a Java class can be placed in
different packages and directories based on the module
they are used.
• For all these classes package belongs to a single parent
directory.
 Import Statements
• The package contains the many predefined classes and
interfaces.
• If we want to use any class of a particular package, we
need to import that class.
• The import statement represents the class stored in the
other package.
• Use the import keyword to import the class.
• It is written before the class declaration and after the
package statement.
• We use the import statement in two ways,
– either import a specific class
– import all classes of a particular package.
• In a Java program, we can use multiple import statements.
 Interface Section
• It is an optional section.
• Use the interface keyword to create an interface.
• An interface is a slightly different from the class.
• It contains only constants and method declarations.
• Another difference is that it cannot be instantiated.
• We can use interface in classes by using the
implements keyword.
• An interface can also be used with other interfaces
by using the extends keyword.
interface car
{
void start();
void stop();
}
 Class Definition
• It is vital part of a Java program.
• Without the class, we cannot create any Java
program.
• A Java program may conation more than one class
definition.
• Use the class keyword to define the class.
• The class is a blueprint of a Java program.
• It contains information about user-defined
methods, variables, and constants.
• Every Java program has at least one class that
contains the main() method.
class Student //class definition
{
}
 Class Variables and Constants
• In a Java program, the variables and constants
are defined just after the class definition.
• The variables and constants store values of the
parameters.
• It is used during the execution of the program.
• Decide and define the scope of variables by
using the modifiers 🡪defines the life of the
variables.
class Student //class definition
{
String sname; //variable
int id;
double percentage;
}
 Main Method Class
• It is essential for all Java programs.
• Because the execution of all Java programs
starts from the main() method.
• In other words, it is an entry point of the class.
• It must be inside the class.
• Inside the main method, we create objects
and call the methods.
public static void main(String args[])
{
}
 Methods and behavior
• A method is a block of code which only runs
when it is called.
• You can pass data, known as parameters, into
a method.
• Methods are used to perform certain actions,
and they are also known as functions.
modifier returnType nameOfMethod (Parameter List)

{
// method body
}

Public void display()

{
System.out.println(“Hiiii”);
}