Oracle SQL

01.Writing Basic Select Statement

Eng:- Ahmed Ramadan , Eng:- Marwan Elkordey
 Chapter01:Writing Basic Select Statement

Introduction
What is Database ? Collection of related data
Employees Departments
Employee number Employee name Department No Department NO Department name Loc
7788 SCOTT 10 10 Accounting Alex
7900 ALEN 20 20 HR Alex
7892 Ward
80 30 Inventory Cairo
40 Purchasing Cairo
8888 Turner 40

What is Table ?
Two dimensional structure consists of rows and columns and used to store data
 Chapter01:Writing Basic Select Statement

Introduction
SQL ( Structure Query Language ) Commands
1.Data retrieval Language ( DRL )  Select writing basic select statement
using oracle single row function
using group functions
joining tables
sub-queries
2. Data Manipulation Language ( DML ) - insert
 Update
 Delete
 Merge
3. Data Definition language (DDL)  Create
 Alter
 Drop , Truncate , Rename …
4. Data Control language ( DCL )  Grant , Revoke , Role , Change Password
 Chapter01:Writing Basic Select Statement

Chapter Content :
Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement
Writing Basic Select Statement
Using Arithmetic Operators (Writing Expressions)
Using Alias
Using Concatenation
Using Distinct
Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )
Using Comparison Operators
Using In Operator
Using Between and Operator
Using Like Operator
Using Not Operator
Using Multiple Conditions
Part3: Sorting Data
Sorting data by one column
Sorting Data By More Than one Column
Using Alias and Column position in Order By Clause
 Chapter01:Writing Basic Select Statement

Chapter Content :

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Writing Basic Select Statement
Using Arithmetic Operators (Writing Expressions)
Using Alias
Using Concatenation
Using Distinct
 Chapter01:Writing Basic Select Statement

Writing Basic Select Statement

Syntax:
Select Select_List
From Table_name ;

Select : Identifies which columns

From : Identifies from which table

Guide lines

• SQL statements are not case sensitive.

• SQL statements can be on one or more lines.
• Keywords cannot be abbreviated or split across lines.
• Clauses are usually placed on separate lines.
• Tabs and indents are used to enhance readability.
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Select all columns from certain table

Example :
select *
from emp;

To display all columns in this

table without listing the column
names
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Select Certain Columns

Example :
select empno , ename , sal
from emp;
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Display Tables in Current account

Select * from tab
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Desc Table_name
to get table definition

Example :

Desc emp
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Writing Expressions

Follow the math rules

1) ()
2) * /
3) + -
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Writing Expressions
Use Math Priorities

1) ()
2) * /
3) - +
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Writing Expressions
Violate Math Rules
Use ()
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Writing Expressions
More than one operator

Evaluate the Expr from

left to right
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Using Alias : you can rename the column in your select st.

May be one word

 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Using Alias

More than one word

You can include the alias between “ “
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Using Alias : you can Alias database columns
As key word is optional
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Concatenation Operator

Use literals with column names

To display data in form of statements
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part1 : Writing Basic Select Statement

Using Distinct Key Word
Suppress Duplications in Rows
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Practices

1. Write a query to display all employees in emp table

2. Write a query to display these columns from emp table ( empno , ename , sal , hiredate )
3. Write a query to display the salary column and the annual salary of the employee name the column annual _salary
4. Write a query to display the total salary of the employee given that the total is the sum of sal and comm columns
5. Write a query to display employee data in this form : Employee No. 7788 works as ANALYST
6. Write a query to display different jobs in emp table
7. Write a query to display different jobs in each department
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

Using Comparison Operators
Using In Operator
Using Between and Operator
Using Like Operator
Using Not Operator
Using Multiple Conditions
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Using Comparison Operators

= > < >= <= <> !=
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Using Comparison Operators

= > < >= <= <> !=
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Using Comparison Operators

= > < >= <= <> !=
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Using Comparison Operators

= > < >= <= <> !=
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

In Operator
Value list : Search for Group of Values
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Between and Operator

Search for range
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Like Operator
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Like Operator
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Like Operator
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Like Operator
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Like Operator
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Like Operator
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Not

Select *
From emp
Where sal not in ( 800 , 1300 , 3000 ) ;
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Not

Select *
From emp
Where sal not between 2000 and 3000
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Not

Select *
From emp
Where ename not like ‘A%’
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

More Than one Condition

And ( both conditions must be true)
Or ( any of them may be true )

Select *
From emp
Where (deptno = 30 ) and (sal > 2000)
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

More Than one Condition

And ( both conditions must be true)
Or ( any of them may be true )

Select *
From emp
Where (deptno = 30 ) OR (sal > 2000)
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Using Nulls
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part2: Restricting Rows (Using Where Clause )

To filter Rows you will use Where Clause

Select select_list
From table_name
Where Condition
Condition : Colum_name operator value

Using Nulls
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Part3: Sorting Data

Sorting data by one column
Sorting Data By More Than one Column
Using Alias and Column position in Order By Clause
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Sorting Data

Syntax
Select select_list
From table_name
[Where Condition ]
Order by order_by_list
 Introduction to Oracle ERP

Sorting Data

Syntax
Select select_list
From table_name
[Where Condition ]
Order by order_by_list
 Writing Basic Select St

Sorting Data

Syntax
Select select_list
From table_name
[Where Condition ]
Order by order_by_list
 Writing Basic Select St

Sorting Data

Syntax
Select select_list
From table_name
[Where Condition ]
Order by order_by_list

Sort By More than one Column

 Writing Basic Select St

Sorting Data

Syntax
Select select_list
From table_name
[Where Condition ]
Order by order_by_list

Sorting By Column position

 Writing Basic Select St

Sorting Data

Syntax
Select select_list
From table_name
[Where Condition ]
Order by order_by_list

Sorting By Column Alias

 Writing Basic Select St

Practices
1. Write a query to Display Employees Numbers , Names , salaries from emp table
select empno , ename, sal from emp;
2. Write a query to Display Employees with salaries greater than 2000
select * from emp where sal > 2000
3. Write a query to display Employees whose their names start with A
select * from emp where ename like ‘A%’ ;
4. Write a query to display Employees in department 20 , sort your data by salary
select * from emp where deptno = 20 order by deptno ;
5. Write a query to display Employees with these salaries ( 800 , 1300 , 3000 ) sort your data by salary
select * from emp where sal in ( 800 , 1300 , 3000)
6. Write a query to display Employees with Null Commissions sort you data by employee name
Select * from emp where comm is null order by ename
7. Write a query to display Employees work as ANALYST sort your data by deptno
Select * from emp where job =‘ANALYST’ order by deptno ;
8. Write a query to display Employee Hired Before 1990

select * from emp where hiredate < ’01-jan-90’

9. Write a query to Display employees jobs without duplication
select distinct job from emp ;
10. Write a query to display employees monthly salary and annual salary name the annual salary column with suitable name
select empno , ename , sal , sal * 12 “annual_salary” from emp ;
11. Write a query to display employees ( number , name , deptno , sal ) , sort the salary in each department in desc order
select empno , ename, deptno , sal from emp order by deptno ,sal desc
 Writing Basic Select St

Practices
1. Write a query to Display Employees Numbers , Names , salaries from emp table
2. Write a query to Display Employees with salaries greater than 2000
3. Write a query to display Employees whose their names start with A
4. Write a query to display Employees in department 20 , sort your data by salary
5. Write a query to display Employees with these salaries ( 800 , 1300 , 3000 ) sort your data by salary
6. Write a query to display Employees with Null Commissions sort you data by employee name
7. Write a query to display Employees work as ANALYST sort your data by deptno
8. Write a query to display Employee Hired Before 1990
9. Write a query to Display employees jobs without duplication
10. Write a query to display employees monthly salary and annual salary name the annual salary column with suitable name
11. Write a query to display employees ( number , name , deptno , sal ) , sort the salary in each department in desc order