Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.

com

Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

Introduction:

Fourier Transform mainstay based image processing since 1950

Fourier Transformer: basic functions are sinusoids

Wavelet Transform: Easier to compress, transmit, analyze many images

Based on small waves, called wavelets of varying frequency and limited Duration.

Equivalent of a musical score:

What notes to play but also when to play them.

1987: Foundation of powerful new approach to signal processing and analysis

(Multi-resolution Theory)

Unifies: Subband coding from signal processing, QMF from digital speech recognition,
Pyramidal Image Processing

Representation and analysis of signals at more than one resolution. Features that might
undetected in one resolution may be easy to detect at another
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Background

Images: Connected regions of similar texture and intensity levels that combined to form object

Small in size and Low in contrast: Examine at high resolution

Large size and high contrast: Coarse view
Both are present simultaneously: Advantageous to study them at several resolutions

.
Varying local histogram from one part of the image to another part
Making statistical modeling over the span of an entire image a
difficult or impossible task.

Powerful or conceptually simple structure: Image Pyramid

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Image Pyramid

Arrangement of decreasing resolution images

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

System Block Diagram for creating Pyramid

Level j-1 approximation o/p is used to create

approximation pyramids (one or more
approx. of original image)

Low resolution approximation of the original

image at level J-P, P higher resolution
approximation at the other level

Level j prediction residual output is used to

build prediction residual pyramids.

Information at level j: Difference between level j approximation and estimate of that

approximation based on level j-1 prediction residual.

Difference can be coded-therefore stored and transmitted more efficiently than the
approximation.

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

System Block Diagram for creating Pyramid Contd..

Approximation and Prediction Residual Pyramids are computed in iterative

fashion.
Image to be represented in pyramidal form is placed in level j of the
approximation pyramid. Three steps executed for P times for j=J, J-1, J-
2, …..J-P+1

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

System Block Diagram for creating Pyramid Contd..

Step 1: Compute reduced resolution approximation of the Level j input image. Filtering
and downsampling the result by a factor of 2. Place the resulting approximation at level
j-1 of the approximation pyramid.
Step 2: Create an estimate of the level j input image from the reduced resolution
approximation (Step 1). Upsampling and filtering. Resulting prediction image will have
the same dimensions as the level j input image.
Step 3: Compute the difference between the prediction image of step2 and the input to
step 1. Place this result in level j of the prediction residual pyramid.
Approximation Filtering: neighborhood averaging: mean pyramid, low pass
Gaussian: Gaussian Pyramid. No filtering: subsampling Pyramid.
Interpolation: Nearest Neighbor, Bilinrear, Bicubic etc..
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

Fig. 7.24 (Con’t)

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

Chapter 7
Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods