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Digital Communication

This document introduces digital communication, covering key concepts such as the Nyquist Sampling Theorem, pulse modulation techniques, and digital modulation methods like ASK, FSK, and PSK. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication systems, including reduced distortion and the need for larger bandwidth. The module also includes self-test questions to reinforce understanding of the material presented.

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divyanshi.singhal.02
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15 views27 pages

Digital Communication

This document introduces digital communication, covering key concepts such as the Nyquist Sampling Theorem, pulse modulation techniques, and digital modulation methods like ASK, FSK, and PSK. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication systems, including reduced distortion and the need for larger bandwidth. The module also includes self-test questions to reinforce understanding of the material presented.

Uploaded by

divyanshi.singhal.02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part - III

Principles of Electronic Communication

Chapter-8: Introduction to Digital Communication

Reference:
Electronic Communication Systems by
Kennedy & Davis ,
4th edition,2004,TMH Edition
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 1
Chapter – 8

Introduction to digital communication

Reference :
Electronic Communications
by Denis Roddy & John Coolen ,
4th edition, Pearson Education,2009

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 2


INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Source: www.sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/.../introduction.ppt

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 3


Digital Communication-Introduction
 Objectives:
1. State Nyquist Sampling Theorem
2. Explain the principle of Pulse Amplitude Modulation
Techniques
3. Explain the function blocks of a Digital
Communication System
4. Mention advantages & disadvantages of Digital
Modulation
5. Explain the principle of different types of Digital
Modulation Techniques

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 4


Module 1 : Digitization of Analog signals

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 5


Sampling
 Introduction
•Sampling Examples in real world situations
•Sampling for Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 6


Sampling

 Steps involved in Analog to Digital


Conversion
• Sampling (sampling.docx )
• Quantizing Source : http://www.jhigh.co.uk/ComputingSG/GPPs/Communications

• Encoding

Source::
Department of 112.196.5.130/edusat/poly/Electrical/sem-/Pulse%20Modulation.ppt
Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 7
SAMPLING

Digitization of Analog signals


For any analog information to be transmitted using digital
communication system, the signal must be converted to
digital form.

The digitized signal is then modulated using digital


modulation techniques.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 8


Sampling Illustration
 Nyquist Sampling Theorem Statement
“It is possible to reconstruct a band-limited analog
signal from periodic samples, as long as the sampling rate is at
least twice the highest frequency component of the signal.”

Source: http://www.dspguide.com/ch3/2.htm

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 9


 Basic principle of Sampling: Sampling Theorem

 Sampling of analog signals is the first step used to digitize


analog information.

 To reconstruct the analog signal, sampling rate must be at


least twice the highest frequency component of the signal”.

 i.e. fs ≥ 2fm

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 10


 i.e. fs ≥ 2fm

 Where fs is the sampling frequency and fm is highest frequency


contained in the signal. This theorem is also commonly called the
Nyquist sampling theorem or Nyquist sampling rate.

 For example if a voice signal has frequencies ranging from 0 to


4kHz (Low pass signal), then according to the Nyquist Sampling
Theorem, in order to sample this signal without distortion, the
minimum required sampling rate is equal to 8kHz.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 11


Pulse Modulation Techniques

 Digital Transmission of Analog Data

 Types of Digital Transmission


• Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
• Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)

Pulse Modulation Techniques.docx

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 12


Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 13


Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 14


Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 15


Digital Communication Contd.,

 Need for Digital Modulation


 Block Diagram of a Digital Communication System

Digital Communication System.docx

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal


DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Contd.,

 Advantages of Digital Communication

• Less Distortion, noise and interference


• Use of Regenerative repeaters
• Reliability
• Flexible & Compatible hardware implementation
• Secrecy of information.
• Error detection and Error correction
• Multiplexing of several channels
• Availability of wideband channels
• Increased system complexity in a cost effective
manner
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 17
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Contd.,

 Disadvantages of Digital Communication

• Need for Large System Bandwidth


• Need for System Synchronization
• Circuit Complexity

Refer Advgs & Disadvgs of Digital Communication.docx


Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 18
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES

 Types of digital modulation techniques

•Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)


•Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
•Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

Refer Digital Modulation Techniques.docx

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 19


AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING (ASK)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 20


FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (FSK)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 21


PHASE SHIFT KEYING (PSK)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 22


Application of ASK, FSK AND PSK
 Applications : ASK
• Transmission of digital data over optical fiber
• Used as a type of modulation called On-Off Keying at radio
frequencies
 Application : FSK
• Variant of FSK (GMSK) in GSM Mobile Stds
• Amateur radios, Modems , Caller ID’s etc.,
 Application :PSK
• Variants of PSK in Wireless LAN stds , Bluetooth stds, RFID’s ,
Zig bee etc.,

Source: www.sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/.../introduction.ppt

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 23


 1 A signal contains components with frequencies
up to 10 kHz. What is the minimum frequency at
which the signal should be sampled?

 2. Consider the analog signal:


x (t) = 3cos50πt+10sin300πt -cos100πt. What is
the Nyquist rate of sampling for this signal?
(Ans: 300Hz)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 24


Self Test

1 In _______, the peak amplitude of one signal level is 0; the


other is the same as the amplitude of the carrier frequency.
A.PSK
B.ASK
C.FSK
D.none of the above

2 How many carrier frequencies are used in Binary FSK?


E.2
F.1
G.0
H.none of the above

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 25


Summary

In this module we have learnt:


• To state Nyquist sampling theorem (fs≥2fc, Where fs is the
sampling frequency and fc is highest frequency contained in the
signal) and apply this theorem to determine the sampling rate for
sampling an analog signal without distortion.

• To define and distinguish various types of pulse modulation


techniques such as PAM, PWM and PPM

• Draw and explain the various blocks of a General Digital


Communication System

• To define, draw and distinguish different digital modulation


techniques such as ASK, FSK and PSK.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 26


Applications of Digital Modulation To Communication
Technologies

Source: www.sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/.../introduction.ppt

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 27

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