English group

assignment
Group three
Conditional sentence
Submitted to
candidate professor mesele
Submission day Dec.12.2025
 Group members
1. Haymanot Birhanu
2. Haymanot Aragaw
3. Haymanot Tadele
4. Haymanot Tibebe
5. Haymanot Nahusenay
6. Haymanot Ayalew
7. Heven Degefaw
Contents of the lesson
1. Definition of conditional
2. Types of conditional
3. Structure (form) of conditional
4. Use of conditional
5. Examples of conditional
 1.Defination of conditional
Conditional sentence;
 is a type of sentence that states a condition and the outcome of that condition occurring.
 A condition is something that can only happen IF something else occurs.
 a sentence, often starting with "if" or “unless” in which one half expresses something which depends on the other.

Conditional sentence has two main parts ;

1. If clause
2. main clause
And a conditional sentence to be conditional it must contain both if
clause and main clause.
If clause (dependent clause) ; introduce a condition
it can’t stand on itself .
it requires independent clause to give full meaning
Main clause (independent clause); expresses a result.
it can express a complete thought .
Contains a subject and a predicate
 2.Types of conditional
There are 4 types of conditional sentence .
1. zero conditional
2. probable( real/ likely) conditional
3. improbable( unreal/unlikely) conditional
4. impossible conditional.
5. mixed conditional
Zero conditional

refers to conditional sentences that express a

factual implication, rather than describing a hypothetical
situation or potential future circumstance.
The zero conditional is used to express facts or situations
that are always true.
The zero conditional uses the present simple tense in both the if-clause and the main clause.
For example ;
If you eat a lot, you put on weight.
If it rains, the streets get wet.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
First conditional (type 1)
it refers to a pattern used in predictive conditional sentences.

the first conditional is all about real possibilities in the future and what might happen.
It’s not about general truths or hypothetical situations.

It involves an "if" clause expressing a condition in the simple present tense, and a potential
result in the simple future tense.

This type of sentence describes an action/consequence event with an outcome that may
happen but is not guaranteed.
 For example;
If it rains, we will have to cancel the picnic.
If you come with me, I will make it worthwhile for you.
If I go abroad, I will get something back for you.
second type conditional (type 2)

Type two conditional also known as the second conditional sentence.

it refers to a condition (situation) that is impossible or unlikely to be true (in the present).
and its result in the present or near future (very close to the present).

We employ second conditional sentences when we want to talk about something that is opposite to reality.
It refers to an unlikely or impossible situation in the present or the near future.
For example ;
If I had enough money, I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool.
If I had a car, I would drive it every day.
If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
 3) third type conditional(type3)
 The third conditional, also known as the past unreal conditional,
 is used to talk about a hypothetical situation in the past and its imagined outcome.
 It is called the third conditional because it refers to the third possible outcome or
consequence of a hypothetical situation.
 These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too late for the
condition or its result to exist.

 There is always some implication of regret with type 3 conditional sentences.

 The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the sentence expresses

 If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
(She didn’t study hard, so she didn’t pass the exam.)

 If they had left earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the train.
(They didn’t leave early, so they missed the train.)
If he had known about the party, he would have come.
(He didn’t know about the party, so he didn’t come.)
If you had called me, I would have picked you up from the airport.
(You didn’t call me, so I didn’t pick you up.)
 mixed conditional
 Mixed conditionals are conditional sentences that use two different times in
them.
 They are used to describe a hypothetical or unreal situation in the present or future
that isconnected to a hypothetical or unreal situation in the past.
 The if clause and the main clause in a mixed conditional sentence have different
times.
 Mixed conditionals are also called third-conditional mixed with second-conditional.
Some examples of mixed conditional ;
If I hadn’t missed my bus, I would be in France now.
If I had slept longer, I wouldn’t be tired now.
If she had tried harder, she would be more successful now.
If I had saved more money I would own this house
If you hadn’t taken that job we would be traveling together
3 . Structure( form) of
conditionals
The zero conditional formula is: If + [simple present], … [simple
present].
 The first conditional formula is: If + [simple present], … will + [
infinitive].
 The second conditional formula is: If + [simple past], … would +
[infinitive].
 The third conditional formula is: If + [past perfect],
… would have + [past participle].
 Mixed conditionals are a blend of second and third conditionals.
They’re used when the time referenced in the if clause is not the
same as the time referenced in the main clause.
 3 . Structure( form) of conditionals
The zero conditional formula is: If + [simple present], … [simple present].
The first conditional formula is: If + [simple present], … will + [infinitive].
The second conditional formula is: If + [simple past], … would + [infinitive].
The third conditional formula is: If + [past perfect], … would have + [past
participle].
Mixed conditionals are a blend of second and third conditionals. They’re used when the
time referenced in the if clause is not the same as the time referenced in the main
clause.
In zero conditional
The structure is: if/when + present simple >> present simple
In first conditional sentences
the structure is usually: if/when + present simple >> will + infinitive.
It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon as or in
case instead of if.
In second type conditional
The structure is usually: if + past simple >> + would + infinitive.
When if is followed by the verb be, it is grammatically correct to say
if I were, if he were, if she were and if it were.
However, it is also common to hear these structures with was, especially in
the he/she form.
In second type conditional
The structure is usually: if + past simple >> + would + infinitive.
 Use of unless in conditional sentence
Unless is similar in meaning to if not and can be used instead of if not in certain types of
conditional sentences.
Like if, unless is followed by a present tense, a past tense, or a past perfect tense.
For example ;
He wouldn’t be late for the train unless he forgot his luggage. (He wouldn’t be late for the
train if he did not forget his luggage.)
Unless I had walked in the rain last week, I wouldn’t have been sick. (If I had not walk in the rain
last week, I wouldn’t have been sick.)
For example ;
He wouldn’t be late for the train unless he forgot his luggage. (He wouldn’t be late for the
train if he did not forget his luggage.)
Unless I had walked in the rain last week, I wouldn’t have been sick. (If I had not walk in the rain
last week, I wouldn’t have been sick.)
For Example
“But for the rain, we would have had a picnic.” .
Meaning: If it had not rained, we would have had a picnic
If you save money now, you’ll have enough for the trip. (Having enough money for the trip is a
result of saving money now.)
If you don’t charge the battery, the device won’t work. (The device working is dependent on the
battery being charged.)
If you studied harder, you would get better grades. (You don’t study hard now, but if you did,
you’d likely get better grades.)
If she liked spicy food, she would order the curry. (She doesn’t like spicy food now, but if she did,
she’d order the curry.)
 If you had warned me, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.
(You didn’t warn me, so I made the mistake.)
.
If they had listened to the weather forecast, they would have brought their jackets.(They
didn’t listen to the forecast, so they didn’t bring their jackets.
If I spoke French, I would be able to communicate with my French colleagues better
(It means that if the speaker spoke French now, they would be able to communicate with their
French colleagues better.)
5. Use of conditional
The zero conditional is used for universal truths or general facts. Example: If water reaches
100°C, it boils.
The first conditional is used for real and possible future events. Example: If you exercise
regularly, you will feel healthier.
The second conditional is used for unlikely or hypothetical scenarios. Example: If I won a
million dollars, I would travel the world.
The third conditional is used for unreal or hypothetical situations in the past. Example: If
they had prepared better, they would have won the match.
 If you had warned me, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.
(You didn’t warn me, so I made the mistake.)
.
If they had listened to the weather forecast, they would have brought their jackets.(They
didn’t listen to the forecast, so they didn’t bring their jackets.
If I spoke French, I would be able to communicate with my French colleagues better
(It means that if the speaker spoke French now, they would be able to communicate with their
French colleagues better.)
5. Use of conditional
The zero conditional is used for universal truths or general facts. Example: If water reaches
100°C, it boils.
The first conditional is used for real and possible future events. Example: If you exercise
regularly, you will feel healthier.
The second conditional is used for unlikely or hypothetical scenarios. Example: If I won a
million dollars, I would travel the world.
The third conditional is used for unreal or hypothetical situations in the past. Example: If
they had prepared better, they would have won the match.
Thank you