Human Centered AI

Module 1
What Is Human-Centered
Artificial Intelligence?
Course Objectives
● To understanding of the foundational principles of Human-Centered
AI
● To learn and evaluate reliable, safe, and trustworthy AI systems using
the HCAI framework.
● To understand governance strategies that bridge the gap between
ethical principles and practical steps.
● To learn how to create and assess safety cultures in organizations
through management strategies, incident reporting, and trustworthy
certification practices.
● To understand how AI can amplify human-to-human communication
and cooperation.
Text Books:
• Books
• 1. Schneiderman, Ben. Human-centered AI. Oxford University Press,
2022.
• Reference Book
• 1. Nam, Chang S., Jae-Yoon Jung, and Sangwon Lee, eds. Human-
Centered Artificial Intelligence: Research and Applications. Academic
Press, 2022.
• 2. Chetouani, Mohamed, et al., eds. Human-centered artificial
intelligence: Advanced lectures. Vol. 13500. Springer Nature, 2023.
Topics

• Introduction.
• Are People and Computers in the Same Category?
• Will Automation, AI, and Robots Lead to Widespread
Unemployment?
What is Human centered AI?
• Human-centered AI (HCAI) is an approach to artificial intelligence
that prioritizes the needs, values, and well-being of humans.
• It focuses on designing AI systems that enhance human capabilities,
respect human autonomy, and align with ethical principles.
• The goal is to create AI technologies that are not only technically
advanced but also socially responsible, transparent, and beneficial to
individuals and society as a whole.
• Researchers, developers, business leaders, policy-makers, and
others are expanding the technology-centered scope of artificial
intelligence (AI) to include human centered AI (HCAI) ways of
thinking.
• This expansion from an algorithm-focused view to embrace a
human-centered perspective can shape the future of technology
so as to better serve human needs.
• Educators, designers, software engineers, product managers,
evaluators, and government agency staffers can build on AI-
driven technologies to design products and services that
make life better for the users, enabling people to care for
each other.
• Humans have always been tool builders, and now they are
super tool builders, whose inventions can improve our health,
family life, education, business, the environment, and much
more.
• The remarkable progress in algorithms for machine and deep
learning during the past decade has opened the doors to new
opportunities, and some dark possibilities. However, a bright
future awaits AI researchers, developers, business leaders,
policy-makers, and others who build on AI algorithms by
including HCAI strategies of design and testing.
• This enlarged vision can shape the future of technology so as
to better serve human values and needs. As many technology
companies and thought leaders have said, the goal is not to
replace people but to empower them by making design choices
that give humans control over technology.
High Expectation
• Human-Centered AI (HCAI) Synthesis:
• Definition: A new approach that integrates AI-based intelligent algorithms
with human-centered thinking.
• Goals:
• ✔ Empower rather than replace people
• ✔ Balance machine autonomy with human control
• ✔ Enhance user experience and human performance.
• Key Principles:
• ✅ Meaningful Human Control – AI should support human decision-making
• ✅ Human Values First – Prioritize rights, justice, and dignity
• ✅ Support User Goals – Foster creativity, responsibility, and social
connections
• Shift in Focus:
• 🔄 From AI-centric autonomy → To Human-AI collaboration
• 🔄 From Algorithm performance → To User experience & impact
Expanding from Technology-Centered to
Human-Centered AI
• 🔹 Shift in Focus:
• ✔ From technology-driven AI → To societal benefit
• ✔ Inspired by the 2017 Montreal Declaration (human well-being,
autonomy, privacy, justice)
• 🔹 HCAI & Ethical AI Initiatives:
• ✅ AI4GOOD – Using AI for solving global challenges
• ✅ Data Kind – Data-driven social impact
• ✅ IBM Watson AI XPRIZE – AI for positive transformation
• 🔹 HCAI's Rigorous Approach:
• ✔ Applying design & evaluation methods for high-impact research
• ✔ Addressing real-world problems in government, business, education,
and healthcare
• 🔹 Balancing Benefits & Risks:
• ⚠ AI’s power can be misused by malicious actors (criminals,
terrorists, oppressive regimes)
• ⚖ Need for ethical safeguards to ensure AI serves humanity
AI for Global Good & Sustainable Development
• 🔹 UN AI for Good Global Summit (Since 2017)
• ✔ Brings together researchers, business leaders, and policymakers
• ✔ Aims to identify & scale AI solutions for global impact
• 🔹 Alignment with UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• 🌍 Established in 2015, targeting 2030 goals.
• 🔹 Key Focus Areas:
• ✔ Social Issues – Poverty elimination, zero hunger, quality education, reduced
inequalities
• ✔ Environmental Concerns – Climate action, life on land & water, sustainable
cities
• 🔹 Role of AI & HCAI
• ✔ AI can support solutions for global challenges
• ✔ Must be guided by ethical, social, and policy considerations
HCAI & Human Well-Being
• 🔹 IEEE P7010 Standard
• ✔ Encourages assessment, management, and improvement of AI’s
impact on human & societal well-being
• 🔹 HCAI’s Potential Contributions
• ✅ Enhancing individual & public well-being
• ✅ Advancing human-centered design methods
• ✅ Addressing global challenges with AI-driven solutions
• 🔹 Why HCAI Matters?
• ✔ Combines AI capabilities with human-centered thinking
• ✔ Ensures ethical, responsible, and impactful AI applications
What is Human-Centered AI (HCAI)?
• 🔹 How is HCAI Different from AI?
• HCAI integrates AI with human-centered design, ensuring AI enhances rather
than replaces human capabilities.
• 🔹 Two Key Aspects of HCAI:
1 Process:
• 1️⃣
• ✔ Uses user experience design principles
• ✔ Involves user observation, stakeholder engagement, usability testing
• ✔ Focuses on iterative refinement & human performance evaluation
• 2️⃣Product:
• ✔ HCAI systems act as super tools that amplify & empower humans
• ✔ Emphasizes human control while embedding automation
• ✔ Examples: Digital cameras, GPS navigation—automated but user-controlled
• 🔹 Core Principle:
• 🔄 AI + Human-Centered Thinking = Enhanced Human Performance
Goals of Human-Centered AI (HCAI)
• 🔹 Enhancing Human Capabilities
• ✅ Self-efficacy – Empowering users to take control
• ✅ Creativity – Enabling innovation & exploration
• ✅ Responsibility – Supporting ethical decision-making
• ✅ Social Connections – Strengthening human relationships
• 🔹 Mitigating Risks
• ⚠ Reducing harm from malicious actors
• ⚠ Addressing biased data & flawed software.
• 🔹 A New Synthesis in Technology Design
• 💡 Three fresh ideas to shift towards a human-centered approach.
HCAI Framework: Balancing Automation & Human
Control
• 🔹 Guiding Principle
• ✔ Ensures human-centric thinking in highly automated systems
• ✔ New aspiration: High automation + High human control
• 🔹 Everyday HCAI Examples
• 📱 Cellphone cameras – Automated enhancements but user-controlled
• 🌡 Thermostats – Self-regulating with manual adjustments
• 🏢 Elevators – Automated but human-directed
• 🔹 Life-Critical HCAI Applications
• 🚗 Highly automated cars – Assist drivers but maintain human oversight
• 💉 Patient-controlled pain relief devices – AI-driven yet under patient control
HCAI Design Metaphors: Balancing Science & Innovation.
• 🔹 The Challenge
• ✔ AI research must combine science & innovation to maximize user benefits
• ✔ Requires creative approaches from researchers, developers, and
policymakers
• 🔹 Four HCAI Design Metaphors:
• 11️⃣ Intelligent Agents & Supertools – AI assists but humans remain in control
• 2️⃣ Teammates & Tele-bots – AI acts as a collaborative partner (e.g., remote
robots)
• 3️⃣ Assured Autonomy & Control Centers – AI systems are monitored for
safety & reliability
• 4️⃣ Social Robots & Active Appliances – AI enhances everyday life while
maintaining human interaction
• 🔹 Shifting AI Perceptions
• ✔ Overcoming media-driven AI fears (robots taking over)
• ✔ Promoting a human-centered AI perspective
• ✔ Increasing trust in AI for business, education, healthcare, and community
safety
• 🔹 Key Takeaway
• 🔄 A stronger HCAI focus will reduce AI fears and empower users to use AI
for creativity & daily needs
Governance for HCAI: Bridging Ethics & Practice
• 🔹 The Challenge
• ✔ Ethical principles need practical steps for real-world implementation
• ✔ Software teams, businesses, and leaders must adopt effective governance
strategies
• 🔹 Three Key Governance Goals:
• 1️⃣ Reliable Systems – Built using proven software engineering practices
• 2️⃣ Safety Culture – Maintained through business management strategies
• 3️⃣Trustworthy Certification – Ensured by independent oversight & government
regulation
• 🔹 Why It Matters?
• ✔ Strengthens AI reliability & accountability
• ✔ Increases public trust in AI applications
• ✔ Ensures safe & ethical AI deployment
The Role of Successful Automation in User Control
•Automation Enhances User Control
•Navigation apps provide route alternatives and estimated times.
•E-commerce platforms offer personalized recommendations, reviews,
and transparent pricing.
•Empowering Users with Meaningful Controls
•Everyday devices (elevators, washing machines, airline kiosks) allow
users to complete tasks quickly and efficiently.
•Automation assists rather than replaces human decision-making.
•Balancing Assistance and User Mastery
•Modern cameras help optimize focus and exposure while preserving
creative control.
•Users gain a sense of accomplishment while benefiting from automation.
•Automation Boosts Confidence and Efficiency
•Mobile apps and cloud services empower users to complete tasks
independently.
•Well-designed automation fosters self-confidence and even pride in usage.
Human-Centered AI (HCAI) and the Future of Automation

• 1. Human Control in an Automation-Enhanced World

• Clear and intuitive interfaces allow users to harness automation
effectively.
• Encourages initiative, creativity, and responsibility in human
decision-making.
• 2. Super tools for Empowering Users
• AI-powered tools enhance user capabilities in various fields:
• Architecture – Designing energy-efficient buildings.
• Journalism – Investigating fraud and corruption.
• Healthcare – Detecting emerging medical conditions.
• Regulatory Oversight – Identifying bias in hiring and loans.
• 3. Balancing AI Benefits and Risks
• Designers must ensure AI brings more benefits than harms.
• The challenge: Navigating between utopian (thriving businesses,
smart cities) and dystopian (frustrated users, surveillance capitalism,
political manipulation) scenarios.
• 4. Addressing AI Risks
• Training stakeholders (researchers, developers, business leaders,
policy-makers) to recognize and mitigate risks.
• Learning from AI failures: Over 1,000 AI incident reports document
past mistakes.
• 1. Stakeholders in HCAI
• HCAI involves multiple stakeholders, including:
• Researchers – Develop new AI models and techniques.
• Developers – Implement AI solutions into products.
• Business Leaders – Decide on AI integration strategies.
• Policy-Makers – Regulate AI for ethical and societal impact.
• Users – Benefit from AI-driven systems in various applications.
• 2. Collaborative Responsibility
• AI development isn’t isolated—stakeholders must work together.
• Ethical considerations and usability are crucial in AI system design.
• 3. The Role of Users
• Users influence AI through feedback, usage patterns, and trust.
• Understanding diverse user needs improves AI accessibility and effectiveness.
• 4. Visual Representation
• Figure 1.3 maps out the ecosystem of HCAI stakeholders.
• Use diagrams or stakeholder maps to illustrate the interconnections.
The Role of Information Visualization in AI
• 1. Enhancing AI Algorithm Development
• Information visualization helps AI developers better understand deep
learning models.
• Improves transparency in model training, debugging, and
optimization.
• Helps in identifying biases, anomalies, and performance issues.
• 2. Improving Deep Learning Methods
• Traditional AI research focuses on statistical ML & deep learning,
favoring automation.
• Visualization provides insights into neural network behavior and
decision-making.
• A shift towards interactive AI systems allows for human oversight and
refinement.
• 3. Reducing Errors in AI Models
• Visual interfaces help detect errors in data processing, feature selection, and
model predictions.
• Reduces risks of biased or incorrect decisions in critical applications (e.g.,
hiring, loans, parole decisions).
• 4. Increasing Stakeholder Understanding
• Developers, users, and policymakers benefit from interactive and interpretable
AI.
• Visual tools provide greater control over AI decision-making, ensuring fairness
and accountability.
• Examples: AI-assisted hiring tools, mortgage approvals, legal decision-
making systems.
Are People and Computers in the Same Category?

1.AI Perspective
1. Stanford AI-100 Report:
1. Humans and computers differ in scale, speed, autonomy, and generality, but not in
kind.
2. Suggests humans and computers belong to the same category.
2.HCAI Perspective
1. Human-Centered AI Advocates:
1. Emphasize a fundamental distinction between humans and computers.
2. Key belief: "People are not computers. Computers are not people."
Human Capabilities and the Role of Technology

1.Human Uniqueness
1. Not about a "soul" or "spirit," but about extraordinary capabilities shaped by:
1. Physical and cultural evolution
2. Refined tools and technologies (e.g., language, art, mathematics, clothing, housing, planes,
computers)
2. Human creativity is evident in astonishing successes:
1. Agriculture, healthcare, cities, legal systems
2.Historical Role of Humans
1. To build upon and expand these tools, technologies, and cultural systems.
3.Technology as Amplification
1. Simulating humans with robots has value, but the greater goal is to
create supertools that:
1. Dramatically amplify human abilities (by 100x or 1000x)
2. Examples of past successes:
1. Computers, the World Wide Web, email/texts, mobile devices
Celebrating Human Accomplishments
1.Blurring Boundaries Diminishes Appreciation
1. Overlapping humans and computers risks undervaluing:
1. The richness, diversity, and creativity of human achievements.
2.Celebrating Human Creativity
1. Human accomplishments in language, art, music, architecture, and
even machine learning algorithms deserve recognition.
2. These are cultural and technological milestones that reflect human ingenuity.
3.Clarifying Distinctions Enhances Responsibility
1. Clear boundaries between humans and computers:
1. Foster respect for human responsibility.
2. Guide appropriate use of computer power.
• The Human Experience: Emotions and Embodiment
1.Embodiment Defines Humanity
1. Having a body is central to being human.
2. It connects us to:
1. Physical sensations: Pain, pleasure, sadness, joy.
2. Experiences: Crying, laughing, dancing, eating, love-making, thinking.
2.Complexity of Human Emotions
1. Emotions go beyond Paul Ekman’s seven basic emotions (anger, contempt,
disgust, enjoyment, fear, sadness, surprise).
2. AI’s use of Ekman’s framework oversimplifies the richness of human emotions
and facial expressions.
3.Toward Richer Emotional Understanding
1. Sentiment-analysis programs suggest many more emotions exist.
2. Acknowledging this complexity is key to appreciating the depth of human
experience.
 The Debate on Emotion Recognition
• Paul Ekman’s Classical View of Emotions
• Emotions are universal and expressed automatically across all humans.
• Facial expressions accurately reflect internal emotional states.
• The Constructed Emotions Theory
• Lisa Feldman Barrett’s Perspective
• Emotions are constructed from:
• Sensory perceptions
• Cultural norms
• Personal experiences
• Emotional expressions vary across individuals and cultures.
Implications for AI & Emotion Recognition
• Challenges with AI-based Facial Recognition:
• Facial expressions & body language are not reliable indicators of emotions.
• Simple AI algorithms assume fixed emotional patterns, which is inaccurate.
• ✅ Alternative Approaches:
• Behavioral cues (e.g., eye contact, movement, speech patterns) can provide
better insights.
• AI should consider context and complexity rather than oversimplified models.
• Key Takeaways:
• Human emotions are more complex than early AI models assume.
• Emotion recognition AI must be context-aware & culturally sensitive.
• Ethical concerns arise when using AI for surveillance or behavioral
assessment.
The Complexity of Human Emotions
• No scientific consensus on a definition of emotions.
• Emotions are intertwined with:
• Mood, temperament, personality, creativity, and motivation.
• AI cannot reliably determine personality, intent, or political
orientation.
Dangers of AI-Based Emotion Recognition
• Risks & Ethical Concerns
• Comparisons to discredited phrenology (head/skull analysis for traits).
• AI emotion detection is often inaccurate and raises concerns about
bias & misuse.
• Deceptive AI emotional expressions can undermine trust in
technology.
• ✅ Potential Uses
• Entertainment (games, virtual assistants).
• Limited applications where emotion simulation enhances user
experience.
Sentiment Analysis – A Better Alternative?
• Analyzes text (social media, reviews, news headlines).
• Aggregates data rather than assuming an individual’s emotional state.
• Useful for identifying trends:
• Gender/language differences
• Political and socioeconomic perspectives
• Shifts in media tone over time
• The Future of AI & Human Interaction
• AI should enhance human abilities, not just mimic emotions.
• Successful innovations:
• World Wide Web
• Information visualization
• Assistive technology
• Augmented reality
• Goal: Enable more people to be creative, productive, and
empowered.
Supporting Human-to-Human Communication and
Cooperation
• Success Stories: Email, texting, video conferencing, document
sharing, social media, web-accessed videos, music, and gaming.
• Social Aspect: Sharing favorites, communicating with large
audiences, and promoting businesses.
• Downsides: Reduced face-to-face contact, scams, malicious activities
(e.g., spreading hatred, recruiting terrorists).
• User Control: Need for rich controls to limit messages from
autonomous anonymous bots.
• Platform Responsibility: Social media platforms should provide
better user controls to restrict misuse.
The Value of Human-Like Computers

• Anthropomorphic Computers: Humanoid or android computers with

human-like features (faces, arms, legs, speech).
• Potential Roles: Older adult caretakers, disaster-response robots.
• Historical Failures: Long history of unsuccessful attempts.
• Current Optimism: Advocates believe current advancements in
computing power and design knowledge will lead to success.
Human-Human Communication as a Model for UI Design

• Model for UI Design

• Human Relationships: One model for UI design, but sometimes
misleading.
• Human-Computer Interaction: Humans operate computers; improved
interfaces enable more tasks to be carried out rapidly and effectively.
• Voice vs. Visual Interfaces:
• Voice: Effective for human-human interaction, useful when hands
are busy or mobility is required (e.g., Alexa, Siri).
• Visual: Dominant strategy for rapid computer operation due to the
cognitive effort and working memory required for voice commands.
Principles of Effective Interface Design
• Consistency, Predictability, Controllability: Key features that make
interfaces comprehensible, enabling mastery, satisfaction, and
responsibility.
• Adaptive vs. Consistent Designs: Consistent and predictable designs will
be more widely used than adaptive, autonomous, and anthropomorphic
ones.
• Note:
• Balancing Technology and Human Interaction: While technology
enhances communication and cooperation, it must be designed with user
control and responsibility in mind.
• Future Directions: Continued focus on improving interface design to
balance human-like features with practical usability.
Will Automation, AI, and Robots Lead to
Widespread Unemployment?
• The Debate on AI, Automation & Unemployment
• Concerns exist about job losses due to automation and AI.
• Martin Ford’s The Robots Are Coming (2015) and an Oxford report
suggested 47% of US jobs could be automated by 2030.
• Reality Check:
• Unemployment fell below 4% in 2020, despite automation growth.
• COVID-19 caused temporary job losses, but employment rebounded in 2021.
• Case Study – Amazon & Automation
• Amazon’s acquisition of Kiva Robotics (2012) led to fears of workforce cuts.
• Instead, by 2021, Amazon employed over a million people, even as robots
were used more.
• Automation increased efficiency & demand, leading to new job opportunities.
• The Complexity of Job Impact
• ✅ Positive Effects
• Growth of supply chains, fulfillment centers, and delivery networks.
• Small businesses gained access to Amazon’s e-commerce platform.
• ⚠ Challenges & Concerns
• Worker treatment & high injury rates at Amazon fulfillment centers.
• Protests & labor disputes despite a $15 minimum wage.
• Job losses in small retail stores due to market disruption.
Automation & Wealth Inequality
• ⚠ Concerns:
• Automation increases wealth concentration, benefiting corporate owners.
• Low-skilled workers suffer most due to lack of opportunities & low wages.
• Job quality declines:
• Fewer benefits (healthcare, pensions, sick leave).
• Struggles for labor unions to improve conditions.
• The Role of Labor Unions
• ✅ Historically, unions provided:
• Better wages & working conditions.
• Health benefits, pensions, child care, sick pay, & vacation time.
• ⚠ Current Challenge:
• Companies like Amazon resist unionization, limiting workers' bargaining power.
Historical Perspective – Automation & Job
Loss
• Automation has displaced jobs for centuries (e.g., Gutenberg’s printing
press replaced scribes).
• However, it also lowers costs and improves quality, leading to new
opportunities.
• The Positive Cycle of Automation
• ✅ Automation Effects:
1.Lower costs → Increased affordability.
2.Higher quality → More reliable products.
3.Increased demand → More production & broader distribution.
4.New industries & job creation → Economic expansion.
Case Study – The Printing Press
• Job loss: Scribes were displaced.
• New opportunities:
• Growth of book distribution & sales networks.
• Increased demand for authors, educators, and publishers.
• Boosted literacy & knowledge sharing.
• Automation as a Disruptor & Innovator
• Automation disrupts traditional jobs but accelerates progress in many areas:
• 📚 Education → More accessible knowledge.
• 💼 Business → New markets & industries.
• 🏥 Healthcare → Improved medical technologies.
• 📢 Politics & Society → Greater communication & societal change.
AI & Automation – A Historical
Pattern
• 🔹Fear of job loss due to automation is not new.
🔹 Similar concerns arose in the past:
• Industrial Revolution (machines replacing manual labor).
• Rise of computers (office jobs becoming obsolete).
🔹 Reality: New industries & jobs emerged, shifting employment
rather than eliminating it.
• 📌 Visual Idea:
• A timeline showing major technological disruptions (Agriculture →
Industry → Computers → AI)
Agriculture as a Case Study
• 🔹 1900: Agriculture employed 40% of the U.S. workforce.
• 🔹 Today: Agriculture employs only 4%, yet overall employment has grown.
• 🔹 New job opportunities created in:
• Agribusiness suppliers 🚜
• Food distribution & logistics 🚛
• Processed food industries 🏭
• Supermarkets & retail chains 🛒
• Restaurants & hospitality
• The AI & Automation Parallel
• 🔹 AI may replace some jobs, but it will create new industries just like past
automation waves.
• 🔹 Growth in related sectors:
• AI maintenance & engineering
• AI-driven logistics & supply chains 📦
• AI-enhanced healthcare & diagnostics 🏥
• AI-powered customer service & personalization 🤖
• Automation & Rising Inequality
• ⚠ Concern: Who benefits from automation?
• Wealth concentration is increasing.
• Low-skilled workers face more risks.
• Policy & ethical considerations are needed to ensure fair distribution of
benefits.
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) – Impact & Challenges

• 🔹 What is RPA?
• A new wave of automation in accounting & clerical jobs.
• Continues the trend of back-office automation (e.g., stock trading,
check-clearing).
• 🔹 Impact of RPA
✅ Benefits: Lower transaction costs, increased efficiency.
⚠ Challenges: Job displacement, workforce disruptions.
• 🔹 The Way Forward
• Ethical corporations can support displaced workers by:
• Offering reskilling & job training.
• Assisting in job placement for new opportunities.
Historical Exaggerations of Technological Revolutions
• 🔹 Tech Revolutions Have Always Sparked Fear
• 1970: Alvin Toffler (Future Shock) compared modern tech changes to the shift
from barbarism to civilization.
• Reality: Turmoil is natural, but history shows innovation creates new
opportunities.
• 🔹 Lessons from History
✅ Textile Industry (18th Century)
• Weaving machines triggered Luddite revolts, yet clothing demand & jobs grew.
• ✅ Photography (1839)
• Declared “painting is dead,” but art evolved (Impressionism, digital media).
• Photography & visual media became thriving industries.
• ✅ ATMs & Banking (1960s–Present)
• ATMs were expected to replace bank employees, but financial services
expanded, increasing employment.
• Online banking is reducing branches, but finance sector jobs continue to grow.
The Dual Impact of Automation
• 🔹 Positive Effects of Automation
✅ Lower costs & higher quality → Increases demand & expands
production.
✅ Creates new jobs in emerging industries.
✅ Benefits consumers through affordability & innovation.
• 🔹 Challenges & Disruptions
⚠ Job displacement – Certain skills become obsolete.
⚠ Fair distribution of automation’s benefits – Workers need
livable wages & better treatment.
• 🔹 MIT 2020 Work of the Future Report
• Calls for policies to ensure economic security & fair opportunity for workers.
• Business leaders must channel automation-driven productivity into shared
economic gains.
• Institutional innovations are needed to complement technological advancements.
The Future of Work – Optimistic Outlook
• 🔹 Key Findings from the MIT 2020 Report
✅ More Job Openings Than Workers → Industrialized countries
will face labor shortages.
✅ Robotics & Automation Will Help Fill Gaps → Supporting
productivity & efficiency.
✅ Innovation Drives New Industries & Skills → Creates new career
paths & expertise areas.
• 🔹 Challenges & Opportunities
⚠ Job Displacement is a Reality → Workers need support &
reskilling.
✅ New industries & occupations emerge → Offering new skills &
higher earnings potential.
The Future of Employment – Growth & Responsibility
• 🔹 Fastest-Growing Job Sectors (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)
• ✅ Healthcare (12% → 22% of jobs)
• Home healthcare aides, nurses, therapists, medical managers, mental health counselors.
• ✅ Entry-Level & Essential Jobs
• Food distribution, fast food, warehouse staff (supporting younger & immigrant workers).
• ✅ High-Skilled, High-Growth Careers
• Software engineering, financial management, renewable energy installation.
• 🔹 The Role of Public Pressure & Corporate Responsibility
• ⚠ Key Questions for Leaders:
• How can higher wages, healthcare benefits, & childcare be expanded?
• Can businesses profit while supporting worker well-being?
• How can policy & education prepare workers for new careers?
• 🔹 A Collaborative Solution
• ✅ Reskilling & Training Programs – Encouraging career shifts to in-demand industries.
• ✅ Business & Government Initiatives – Supporting workers through economic transitions.
• ✅ Sustainable Growth – Balancing worker welfare with environmental concerns.
1.How does Human-Centered AI (HCAI) differ from traditional AI, and
why is it important to prioritize human values and needs in AI
development?
2.What are some real-world examples of HCAI applications, and what
strategies can be implemented to address the risks of misuse by
malicious actors?
3.How can HCAI empower individuals and society while ensuring
safety, privacy, and ethical use of AI technologies?
High expectations
1. What are the two key aspects that define Human-Centered AI
(HCAI), and how do they differ from traditional AI approaches?
2.How does HCAI align with global initiatives like the United Nations’
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the AI4GOOD movement
to address societal challenges?
3. What role do user experience design methods, such as stakeholder
engagement and iterative refinement, play in developing effective
HCAI systems?
4. How can HCAI balance the dual potential of empowering individuals
and society while mitigating risks such as misuse by malicious actors
or biased data?