The document introduces HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which was developed using SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) to create web pages that can be displayed consistently across different computers and operating systems. HTML uses tags to specify how content is displayed and allows web pages to include text, graphics, sounds and videos. It also enables linking between information on the same or different web pages using hyperlinks. The document then describes the basic structure of an HTML document, including the <html>, <head>, <title> and <body> tags, and provides examples of how to write these tags.
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HTML Tutorial
The document introduces HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which was developed using SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) to create web pages that can be displayed consistently across different computers and operating systems. HTML uses tags to specify how content is displayed and allows web pages to include text, graphics, sounds and videos. It also enables linking between information on the same or different web pages using hyperlinks. The document then describes the basic structure of an HTML document, including the <html>, <head>, <title> and <body> tags, and provides examples of how to write these tags.
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INTRODUCTION
In 1980, a mark up language was
developed to create documents that could be displayed consistently on computers using different hardware and Operating Systems. It was called the Standard Generalized Markup Language or SGML.
SGML is a general-purpose tool to
describe documents of any kind. 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 1 HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is defined using the Standard Generalized Markup Language. It is a way of incorporating text, graphics, sounds and videos all in one document called as Web Page. This document can be displayed using Web Browser. It provides links to other resources using hyperlinks. 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 2 HTML is based on two concepts: Hypertext: It provides a way to create a link between information in the same document as well as in different documents. Markup Language: Markup refers to the special tags that are a part of the HTML document. These tags specify how 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 3 HTML: Behind the Scenes
HTML is composed of tags. HTML tags are always
enclosed in angle-brackets ( < > ) and are case- insensitive.
Tags typically occur in begin-end pairs. These pairs
are in the form
<tag> ... </tag>
where the <tag> indicates the beginning of a tag-pair,
and the </tag> indicates the end. (The three dots indicate an arbitrary amount of content between the tags.) 11/25/08 The usual way Web to refer&to Development each Resource tag is "tag" for the Mgmt. 4 These pairs define containers. Any content within a container has the rules of that container applied to it. For example, the text within a "boldface container" would be boldfaced. Similarly, paragraphs are defined using a "paragraph container."
Thinking of tag-sets as containers will help in
another way: it will help you remember that tags should always be balanced. In other words, you should keep containers nested within each other, 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 5 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 6 Benefits of HTML HTML is a simple but powerful language to use. The simplicity of HTML allows anyone to create Web Page. The web pages can be linked together using hyperlinks and thus a user has to just click on hyperlinks to get access to related information. HTML also allows for the incorporation of multimedia files in the HTML documents. If the browser has 11/25/08 the &capability Web Development Resource Mgmt. to play the 7 Structure of an HTML document All HTML files should include at least these tags: The HTML tag
The Head tag
The Title tag
The Body tag
11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 8
The HTML Tag: This tag defines the top-most element, identifying it as an HTML document. It has a start tag and an end tag and all the other tags and text are nested within it. Syntax: <HTML> ……… </HTML> 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 9 The HEAD Tag: This tag contains information about your HTML file. It may also contain other tags that helps you to identify your HTML file to the outside world. The Head Tag is nested within the HTML tag. Syntax: <HTML> <HEAD> …….. </HEAD> </HTML>Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 11/25/08 10 The TITLE Tag: This tag is nested within the HEAD Tag. It identifies your page to the rest of the world. The tag output is displayed on your browser’s title bar but does not appear as part of the page. Syntax: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> My First Web Page </TITLE> </HEAD> </HTML> 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 11 The BODY Tag: This tag is the compliment of the Head tag and contains all of the tags, or elements that a browser actually displays as the body of your HTML document. Both the Head tag and the Body tag are nested within the HTML tag. Body tag comes after the head tag, they denote a separate part of the 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 12 Syntax: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> My First Web Page </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> …….. </BODY> </HTML>
11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 13
The Following syntax should be kept in mind while writing HTML documents: Each tag is enclosed in a < (left bracket) and > (right bracket). These special characters are what differentiate the tags from ordinary text. There is an opening and closing tag name for each tag. Opening is Webdenoted by < >, for14 11/25/08 Development & Resource Mgmt. Closing tag is denoted by </>, for example, </I> This is the closing Italics tag. Closing tags may not be required for some of the tags. Tag names are not case sensitive but generally they are written in uppercase so as to distinguish them from the normal text. Tags can have attributes which have values, for example: align=“center” where align is an attribute and its value is center. This attribute can be 11/25/08 Web Development & Resource Mgmt. 15