Grad 7

e
MATATAG Methods of
Dat
a
Collectio
n
 OBJECTIVES
• explain the data collection process
• identify and explain various methods of
data collection
• discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of different data collection
methods
 Recap
Importance of Data

Why do we collect data in different

fields(e.g., business, education,
science)?
• Helps Us Make Decisions
• Reveals Patterns and Trends
• Supports Fairness and Accuracy
• Solves Problems
• Used Everywhere
Methods
of Data
Collection
 Methods of Data Collection

Surveys Experimentation
s

Interviews Case Studies

Observations Focus
Groups
 Methods of Data Collection
Surveys
• Surveys involve asking individuals a set
of predetermined questions, often in
written form, to gather information about
their opinions, behaviors, or
characteristics.
APPLICATIONS:
Used in social sciences, market research,
and public opinion polls
EXAMPLE:
A school surveys students to determine
their preferred extracurricular activities.
 Methods of Data Collection
Interviews
• Interviews involve direct interaction between
a researcher and a participant, where
questions are asked, and responses are
recorded.
APPLICATIONS:
Often used in qualitative research, such
as psychological studies or detailed
customer feedback.
EXAMPLE:
A researcher interviews farmers to
understand challenges in adopting
organic farming practices.
 Methods of Data Collection
Observations
• Researchers directly observe and record
behavior, events, or phenomena without
direct interaction with the participants.
APPLICATIONS:
Used in naturalistic studies,
ethnography, and behavioral research
EXAMPLE:
A store observes customer
movements to identify which
sections attract the most attention.
 Methods of Data Collection
Experimentation
s
• Researchers manipulate variables to observe
the effect on the outcome. Controlled
conditions help establish cause-and-effect
relationships.
APPLICATIONS:
Common in natural sciences,
psychology, and medicine
EXAMPLE:
A company tests a new drug by
comparing results between a group
taking the drug and one taking the old
variation.
 Methods of Data Collection
Case Studies
• In-depth investigation of a single
subject, individual, group, or event to
gather comprehensive insights over
time.
APPLICATIONS:
Useful in fields like psychology,
education, and business to
explore complex phenomena in-
depth.
EXAMPLE:
A psychologist studies a student
with dyslexia to evaluate a new
reading intervention.
 Methods of Data Collection
Focus
Groups
• A focus group involves guided discussions with a
small group of participants to explore their
opinions and perceptions on a topic.
APPLICATIONS:
Widely used in market research and social
science to gather opinions on products,
advertisements, or societal issues.
EXAMPLE:
A tech company gathers a focus
group to discuss feedback on a
prototype smartphone.
 Advantages &
Disadvantages
 Advantages Disadvantages

• cost-effective • response bias

Surveys
• can reach a • limited depth
large of information
• standardized
audience
format

Interviews • Allows for in-depth • time-consuming

exploration • potential for
• flexibility in interviewer
questioning bias
• generates rich,
qualitative data
 Advantages Disadvantages

• provides firsthand • observer bias

Observations
information • limited control
• minimizes over variables.
response bias

Experimentations • high control over • artificial settings

variables may limit
• high internal validity generalizability
• allows for causal • ethical
inference concerns
 Advantages Disadvantages

• rich & detailed • Limited

Case Studies
information generalizability
• suitable for • potential for
complex or researcher bias
unique cases

Focus Groups • rich data through • may not

group dynamics represent a
and interaction larger
• faster and more population’s
cost-effective views due to
small sample size
 For each scenario provided, identify the data
Exercise collection method that is best applicable.
Scenario 1:

Researchers want to investigate the impact of a

new teaching method on student learning
outcomes in a specific subject. They manipulate
the teaching approach and compare the results
with a control group.

Answer:
Experimentation
 For each scenario provided, identify the data
Exercise collection method that is best applicable.
Scenario 2:

A researcher is interested in exploring the

experiences and perceptions of individuals who
have successfully overcome a specific phobia.
The focus is on obtaining in-depth, qualitative
insights into their personal journeys.

Answer:
Interview
 For each scenario provided, identify the data
Exercise collection method that is best applicable.
Scenario 3:

A marketing team gathers teenagers to

discuss feedback on a new educational app.
Their insights help refine the app before its
release.

Answer:
Focus Group
 For each scenario provided, identify the data
Exercise collection method that is best applicable.
Scenario 4:

An organization is conducting a market research

study to understand consumer preferences for a
new product. They distribute a set of
standardized questions to a large sample of
potential customers.

Answer:
Survey
 For each scenario provided, identify the data
Exercise collection method that is best applicable.
Scenario 5:

A social scientist is investigating the

communication patterns within a specific
community. The researcher spends extended
periods in the community, silently monitoring
interactions and taking field notes.

Answer:
Observation
 For each scenario provided, identify the data
Exercise collection method that is best applicable.
Scenario 6:

A researcher studies a patient with a rare

autoimmune disorder over six months,
documenting symptoms, treatments, and
progress. The findings provide unique insights
to guide future research on the condition.

Answer:
Case Study
 For each scenario provided, identify the
Activity A data collection method that is best
applicable.
Survey 1.A university collects data on students' satisfaction with
campus facilities using an online form.
Observatio 2.A doctor monitors patients in a hospital to study the
n effects of sleep on recovery times.
Experimentatio 3.Researchers test two teaching strategies on separate
n groups of students to compare their effectiveness.
Case Study 4.A historian analyzes a detailed account of an ancient
civilization based on journals and records.
Focus Group 5.A marketing team asks 15 customers to discuss their
opinions about a new product design in a guided
Interview discussion.
6.A company conducts one-on-one sessions with
employees to gather ideas for workplace improvements.
How Data
is
Collected:
Primary &
Secondary
Types
 Primary Data Secondary Data
• Collected firsthand by the • Already collected and
researcher specifically for recorded by someone else
their study for a different purpose
• Directly obtained • Accessed through sources
through methods like like books, journals,
surveys, interviews, government reports, or
experiments, or online databases
observations
 Primary Data Secondary Data
EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
• A scientist conducting a • A teacher using national
survey to measure statistics on literacy rates
students’ study habits. for a class presentation.
 Identify whether the data described in each
Activity B scenario is Primary or Secondary.
Primary 1.A student conducts a survey among classmates to
gather opinions about the school cafeteria menu.
Secondar 2.A researcher uses population data from a
y government census for a demographic study.
Primary 3.A teacher observes students in a classroom to
study their participation during group activities.
Secondar 4.A journalist references an article from a scientific
y journal to write a news story.
Primary 5.A scientist collects soil samples from different
locations to study pollution levels.
 Up Next

Sampling Techniques
Thank You
for
Listening